Unit 1 Test – Foundations of U.S. Government

Which Enlightenment thinker most influenced Thomas Jefferson’s idea of “unalienable rights”?

• Montesquieu
• Rousseau
• Hobbes
• Locke

Montesquieu’s primary contribution to the U.S. Constitution was the idea of:

• Natural rights
• Federalism
• Separation of powers
• Judicial review

The Social Contract theory, as described by Rousseau, states that:

• Government should be based on divine right
• People give up some freedoms in exchange for protection of rights
• Monarchs rule by consent of nobles
• Checks and balances ensure limited government

The Mayflower Compact is significant because it established:

• A monarchy in the colonies
• A written agreement for self-government
• Freedom of the press
• The separation of church and state

Which document formally declared the American colonies’ independence from Britain?

• The Federalist Papers
• The Bill of Rights
• The Declaration of Independence
• The Constitution

Which grievance from the Declaration of Independence reflects the principle of limited government?

• Taxation without representation
• Quartering of troops
• King’s suspension of legislatures
• All of the above

Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government lacked the power to:

• Declare war
• Regulate trade between states
• Make treaties
• Send ambassadors

Shay’s Rebellion revealed weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation because the government:

• Could not stop foreign invasions
• Lacked power to tax and raise a military
• Had no judicial system
• Failed to control western expansion

The Great Compromise resolved disputes between:

• Slave and free states
• Northern and Southern states over trade
• Large and small states over representation
• Federalists and Anti-Federalists

Which part of the Constitution begins with “We the People”?

• Bill of Rights
• Articles of Confederation
• Preamble
• Declaration of Independence