Lesson 22.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System

The structure and functions of the organs of the respiratory system and the movement of air from the nostrils to the alveoli can be described as:

• Air passes through the nostrils, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and finally reaches the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.

• Air moves directly from the nostrils to the alveoli without passing through other structures.

• The respiratory system only includes the lungs and does not involve the trachea or bronchi.

• Air enters the body through the mouth, bypassing the nostrils, and goes straight to the alveoli.

Lungs collapse or expand due to pressure differences, and pulmonary surfactants reduce surface tension to prevent collapse. Which statement best explains this process?

• Pulmonary surfactants reduce surface tension, preventing lung collapse.

• Pulmonary surfactants increase surface tension, causing lung collapse.

• Lungs collapse only due to muscle contraction, not surfactants.

• Pulmonary surfactants have no effect on lung expansion or collapse.

Which function of the respiratory system is responsible for delivering oxygen and removing carbon dioxide?

• Deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

• Regulate body temperature

• Produce digestive enzymes

• Transmit nerve impulses

Which function of the respiratory system involves filtration and humidification of inhaled air?

• Filtration and humidification of inhaled air

• Gas exchange in the alveoli

• Production of digestive enzymes

• Regulation of blood glucose levels

Which function of the respiratory system is responsible for regulation of acid-base balance?

• Regulation of acid-base balance

• Oxygen transport to tissues

• Production of digestive enzymes

• Regulation of body temperature

Which function of the respiratory system involves production and modulation of sounds, including speech?

• Production and modulation of sounds, including speech

• Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

• Regulation of blood pH

• Filtration of airborne particles

Which function of the respiratory system is related to olfaction (sense of smell)?

• Olfaction (Sense of smell)

• Gas exchange

• Regulation of blood pH

• Voice production

Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?

• Nasal cavity

• Pharynx

• Larynx

• Trachea

Fill in the blank: The ________ is an organ above the Adam's apple and is part of the upper respiratory tract.

• Nasal cavity

• Larynx

• Trachea

• Esophagus

Fill in the blank: The ________ is an organ below the Adam's apple and is part of the lower respiratory tract.

• Trachea

• Esophagus

• Larynx

• Thyroid gland