Key Terms: Diabetes Drugs

Fill in the blank: __________ is a complex disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from the lack of insulin secretion by the beta cells of the pancreas or from defects of the insulin receptors; it is commonly referred to simply as diabetes. There are two major types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2.

• Diabetes mellitus

• Diabetes insipidus

• Hyperthyroidism

• Cushing's syndrome

Fill in the blank: __________ is a severe metabolic complication of uncontrolled diabetes that, if untreated, leads to diabetic coma and death.

• Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

• Hyperthyroidism

• Addison's disease

• Graves' disease

Fill in the blank: __________ is diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It may resolve after pregnancy but also may be a precursor of type 2 diabetes in later life.

• Gestational diabetes

• Type 1 diabetes

• Type 2 diabetes

• Juvenile diabetes

Fill in the blank: __________ is a hormone produced by the alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans that stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver.

• Glucagon

• Insulin

• Somatostatin

• Cortisol

Fill in the blank: __________ is one of the simple sugars that serves as a major source of energy. It is found in foods (e.g., refined sweets) and also is the final breakdown product of complex carbohydrate metabolism in the body; it is commonly referred to as dextrose.

• Glucose

• Fructose

• Sucrose

• Lactose

Fill in the blank: __________ is a polysaccharide that is the major carbohydrate stored in animal cells.

• Glycogen

• Cellulose

• Starch

• Chitin

What is the term for the breakdown of glycogen to glucose?

• Glycogenolysis

• Glycolysis

• Gluconeogenesis

• Lipolysis

What is the term for hemoglobin molecules bound to glucose molecules, used as a diagnostic measure of average daily blood glucose levels in diabetes monitoring and diagnosis?

• Hemoglobin A1C (A1C)

• Myoglobin

• Fibrinogen

• Albumin

What is the term for a fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher or a nonfasting blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher?

• Hyperglycemia

• Hypoglycemia

• Normoglycemia

• Glucosuria

What is the term for a metabolic complication of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, similar in severity to diabetic ketoacidosis but without ketosis and acidosis?

• Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)

• Lactic acidosis

• Insulinoma

• Graves' disease