Diabetes Mellitus and Related Concepts Quiz

Which of the following best describes diabetes mellitus?

• A complex disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from the lack of insulin secretion or defects of insulin receptors

• A hormone produced by the pancreas that lowers blood sugar

• A metabolic complication caused by excess insulin

• A type of sugar found in animal cells

Which of the following is a simple sugar that serves as a major source of energy and is also known as dextrose?

• Glucose

• Glycogen

• Glucagon

• Insulin

Explain how glucagon and glycogen are related in the regulation of blood glucose levels.

• Glucagon stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver, increasing blood glucose levels.

• Glycogen stimulates the production of glucagon in the pancreas.

• Glucagon and glycogen both lower blood sugar by increasing insulin secretion.

• Glycogen is broken down by insulin to produce glucagon.

Which of the following best describes Hemoglobin A1C (A1C)?

• Hemoglobin molecules bound to glucose, used to measure average daily blood glucose levels

• A hormone secreted by the pancreas in response to glucose

• A metabolic complication of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes

• A process of breaking down glycogen to glucose

Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in response to increased blood glucose?

• Insulin

• Glucagon

• Cortisol

• Adrenaline

What are ketones?

• Proteins produced by the liver

• Organic chemical compounds produced through the oxidation of secondary alcohols, including dietary carbohydrates

• Hormones secreted by the pancreas

• Enzymes that break down glucose

Which of the following is a common symptom of uncontrolled diabetes characterized by chronic excessive intake of water?

• Polyphagia

• Polyuria

• Polydipsia

• Prediabetes

Which term describes increased frequency or volume of urinary output, commonly seen in diabetes?

• Polyphagia

• Polydipsia

• Polyuria

• Ketones

Type 2 diabetes mellitus most commonly manifests in which group?

• Children and adolescents

• Adults

• Newborns

• Elderly only

Which drug from the list is NOT used for diabetes treatment?

• metformin

• glipizide

• repaglinide

• amoxicillin