R20s - Sci FQ 01-02

What term did William Gilbert coin to describe the invisible effect observed when rubbed objects lifted materials?

• static friction

• magnetic field

• gravitational pull

• induced field

• electric force

Answer explanation

William Gilbert coined the term “electric force” to describe the attraction observed after rubbing materials, like amber, together

“Atom elektron” in Greek MOST directly translates to

• indivisible amber

• amber power

• power charge

• energy stone

• fundamental energy

Answer explanation

The Greek roots “atom” and “elektron” translate to “indivisible” and “amber.”

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the classical elements in Western thought?

• fire

• wind

• earth

• air

• water

Answer explanation

Western classical philosophy recognized earth, air, fire, and water as the fundamental elements.

An element in philosophy refers to something that

• behaves unpredictably

• is made of electrons

• is fundamental

• changes form easily

• has chemical properties

Answer explanation

Philosophy defines an element as fundamental because all other things are made from it.

Which of the following statements BEST reflects the modern understanding of the elements on the Periodic Table?

• They can each be broken down into the classical elements.

• They are made of smaller particles

• They are identical to the four traditional elements.

• They are composed of indivisible particles called atoms.

• They are the most fundamental forms of matter.

Answer explanation

Although we still call them “elements,” modern science recognizes that they are composed of smaller subatomic particles.

The Leyden jar originated in

• South America

• Asia

• Africa

• Australia

• Europe

Answer explanation

As the Leyden jar gained attention across Europe, Franklin became intrigued and began experimenting with electricity himself

Which of the following explanations BEST describes the Leyden jar Franklin studied?

• It contained chemical energy.

• It charged glass rods.

• It stored electricity.

• It generated magnetic fields.

• It measured voltage.

Answer explanation

A Leyden jar is able to store and discharge electricity, allowing people to shock others with the device.

What term did Franklin coin to describe electric charge?

• electrical charge

• electrical sprite

• electrical fire

• electrical change

• electrical force

Answer explanation

Franklin coined the term “electrical fire” to describe the attractive and repulsive forces of the charged objects he was observing.

How did Franklin’s experiments MOST directly support the development of atomic theory?

• He developed electric field lines

• He identified charges within atoms.

• He established charge conservation.

• He measured the mass of protons and neutrons.

• He discovered static electricity

Answer explanation

Franklin observed that charge could move between objects but was never lost, an early understanding of charge conservation.

Which of the following conclusions did Franklin’s kite experiment PRIMARILY prove?

• Lightning is an electrical phenomenon.

• Static energy builds up in metal objects

• Metal can conduct electricity anywhere.

• Storm clouds contain electric charge.

• Electrical energy can move through the air

Answer explanation

Franklin used his kite setup to find that lightning produced a measurable electric charge, thus proving its electrical nature. [