'25/26 AP Psych Unit 1 - Review

Which of the following is an environmental factor?

• DNA
  

• Family interactions
  

• Eye color
  

• Height
  

How might one critique the assumption that twin studies provide a complete understanding of genetic influence?

• Environmental variables are too controlled
  

• Identical twins may experience different environments that the methodology does not account for
  

• Twin studies may not fully account for cultural influences
  

• The role of genetics is often difficult to separate from shared environmental factors
  

How does cultural context potentially modify the expression of aggressive tendencies as postulated by evolutionary psychology?

• Culture can suppress or enhance expressions of aggression reliant on societal norms and expectations
  

• Aggression is purely genetic and uninfluenced by culture
  

• Cultural context has no scientific basis for affecting inherent aggression
  

• Cultures only reinforce genetic predispositions toward aggression
  

Why might the exclusion of specific genetic concepts such as genotypes and phenotypes in AP exams influence the teaching approach to heredity and environment?

• It emphasizes genetic specifics over general concepts
  

• It suggests that understanding genes is unnecessary
  

• It eliminates the importance of genetic research
  

• It forces educators to focus on understanding behavioral implications instead of detailed genetic components
  

How can the interaction between heredity and environment explain unique personal development, even among siblings?

• Genetics play no role, rendering all development environmental
  

• Siblings always develop identically due to shared genes
  

• The unique combination of shared and non-shared experiences can lead to differing expressions of genetic tendencies
  

• Siblings have completely different family environments
  

What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

• Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
  

• Central and Peripheral
  

• Autonomic and Somatic
  

• Brain and Heart
  

How might an interruption in the functioning of the peripheral nervous system impact overall sensory-motor integration?

• It could disrupt communication and impair coordinated responses
  

• It would isolate CNS functions without impairing them
  

• It would have no impact on voluntary actions
  

• It would enhance external stimulus processing
  

Why is the CNS considered the 'big boss' in neural coordination?

• It directly manipulates external environments
  

• It functions independently of any peripheral input
  

• It orchestrates processing, command, and high-level cognitive actions
  

• It solely processes sensory information without further function
  

How do the autonomic and somatic nervous systems complement each other's roles?

• By competing for control over the same body processes
  

• Through integrated networks handling both involuntary and voluntary control
  

• By functioning in a disconnected manner
  

• By carrying out completely redundant functions
  

How do higher cognitive functions rely on both CNS and PNS efficacy?

• CNS processes, but PNS negates unnecessary signals
  

• Only CNS access to neural networks influences higher cognition
  

• Impaired PNS impacts sensory input, reducing CNS processing
  

• CNS is fully autonomous from PNS functions