Unit 2: A Dividing Nation

Cotton Gin

• A machine invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 that separates cotton fiber from the seeds more efficiently

• A tool used for weaving cotton into fabric

• A device for measuring the quality of cotton

• An agricultural technique for growing cotton more effectively

Sectionalism

• A belief that all regions of a country should be treated equally

• A focus on national unity and cooperation

• Means people feel more loyalty to their local region than they feel to the greater nation

• An economic policy favoring international trade

Compromise of 1850

• A group of five bills that resolved the issue of California's statehood in 1850

• A treaty that ended the Mexican-American War

• A law that abolished slavery in the United States

• An agreement to divide the Oregon Territory between the U.S. and Britain

tariffs

• Taxes imposed by one country on the goods and services imported from another country

• A type of trade agreement between two countries

• A subsidy provided to local businesses

• A fee charged for exporting goods to another country

Dred Scott v. Sandford

• A Supreme Court case that ruled African Americans could not sue in federal court.

• A case that established the principle of judicial review.

• A ruling that declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and stated that anyone of African descent was considered property.

• A decision that granted citizenship to all people born in the United States.

Compromise of 1820 (Missouri Compromise)

• A joint statehood bill that admitted both Maine and Missouri into the Union in February of 1820, allowing slavery in both states.

• A law that prohibited all forms of slavery in the United States.

• A treaty that ended the War of 1812 and established peace with Britain.

• A joint statehood bill that admitted both Maine and Missouri into the Union in February of 1820, banning slavery north of 36° 30' latitude.