Quiz about REVIEW QUIZ 1 - DO1 CHAPTERS 1, 2, 4, and 7

Question 1

What kind of abnormality can you observe in the picture? Identify if it is: Dysplasia, Metaplasia, Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, Atrophy, or Hypoplasia.

Accepted Answer

Dysplasia

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Atrophy

Answer

Hypoplasia

Answer

Metaplasia

Question 2

What kind of abnormality can you observe in the picture? Identify if it is: Dysplasia, Metaplasia, Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, Atrophy, or Hypoplasia.

Accepted Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Atrophy

Answer

Hypoplasia

Answer

Dysplasia

Question 3

What kind of abnormality can you observe in the picture? Identify if it is: Dysplasia, Metaplasia, Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, Atrophy, or Hypoplasia.

Accepted Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Hypoplasia

Answer

Dysplasia

Question 4

What kind of abnormality can you observe in the picture? Identify if it is: Dysplasia, Metaplasia, Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, Atrophy, or Hypoplasia.

Accepted Answer

Normal

Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Dysplasia

Question 5

What kind of abnormality can you observe in the picture? Identify if it is: Dysplasia, Metaplasia, Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, Atrophy, or Hypoplasia.

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Normal

Answer

Atrophy

Question 6

What kind of abnormality can you observe in the picture? Identify if it is: Dysplasia, Metaplasia, Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, Atrophy, or Hypoplasia.

Accepted Answer

Atrophy

Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Normal

Question 7

4. The ________ is a subjective feeling of an abnormality in the body.

Accepted Answer

symptoms

Answer

sign

Answer

diagnosis

Answer

treatment

Question 8

The negative feedback regulation of the HPA axis involves cortisol binding to ________.

Accepted Answer

Glucocorticoid receptors

Answer

Mineralocorticoid receptors

Answer

Dopamine receptors

Answer

Insulin receptors

Question 9

What does the prodromal period refer to?

Accepted Answer

The appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease.

Answer

The period when the disease is at its peak severity.

Answer

The time after recovery from a disease.

Answer

The stage when the disease is completely asymptomatic.

Question 10

Everything is true about gas gangrene except: it is black, wrinkled, and has a clear line of demarcation (dry Gangrene). Which of the following is NOT true about gas gangrene?

Accepted Answer

It is black, It is wrinkled, It has a clear line of demarcation (dry gangrene)

Answer

It is a result of infection of necrotic tissue by anaerobic bacteria of the genus Clostridium

Answer

These bacteria produce toxins and degradative enzymes that allow the infection to spread rapidly through the necrotic tissue

Answer

May be fatal if not managed rapidly and aggressively

Question 11

What is the purpose of further data collection in diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

to refine the initial probability estimates and identify the most likely diagnosis

Answer

To confuse the patient with excessive information.

Answer

To delay the diagnostic process unnecessarily.

Answer

To increase the cost of healthcare without benefit.

Question 12

Which one is false regarding Angiogenesis?

Accepted Answer

It does not occur in normal physiology.

Answer

it can be involved in cancer progression

Answer

It is a process of new blood vessel formation.

Answer

It is important for wound healing.

Question 13

What are the steps in the multistep nature of carcinogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Initiation, promotion, and progression.

Answer

Replication, mutation, and translation.

Answer

Transcription, translation, and transformation.

Answer

Division, differentiation, and apoptosis.

Question 14

What is validity (or accuracy) in measurement?

Accepted Answer

The degree to which a measurement reflects the true value of the object it is intended to measure.

Answer

The process of calibrating an instrument to ensure correct readings.

Answer

The consistency of a measurement when repeated under identical conditions.

Answer

The ability of a measurement to be influenced by external factors.

Question 15

When is the positive predictive value of a test improved?

Accepted Answer

When disease is present.

Answer

When disease prevalence is low.

Answer

When specificity is low.

Answer

When sensitivity is low.

Question 16

Which mediator is primarily released in response to psychological stress through the HPA axis?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

serotonin

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Histamine

Question 17

Which of the following is a sign?

Accepted Answer

fever

Answer

fatigue

Answer

Headache

Answer

Nausea

Question 18

What is false about Cervical Cancer Screening?

Accepted Answer

Women over the age of 65 who have had regular cervical screening with normal results should be tested again.

Answer

Women over the age of 65 who have had regular cervical screening with normal results should NOT be tested again.

Question 19

The success of stem cell transplantation depends on all of the following including

Accepted Answer

the age of the patient, closeness of tissue matching, stage of cancer, and general health status of the patient before transplantation

Answer

the color of the patient's eyes and hair

Answer

the patient's favorite food and music preferences

Answer

the time of day the transplantation is performed

Question 20

It's the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), inhibits this abnormal fusion and stops abnormal cell proliferation: _________.

Accepted Answer

imatinib

Answer

Gefitinib

Answer

Erlotinib

Answer

Dasatinib

Question 21

Which tumor suppressor gene is related to ependymomas? ________ is a key gene on chromosome 22q that is mutated in a significant proportion of ependymomas, particularly spinal ependymomas and neurofibromatosis.

Accepted Answer

NF2

Answer

BRCA1

Answer

TP53

Answer

RB1

Question 22

Cachexia in cancer patients is primarily due to ________, poor intake, and preferential nutrient utilization by tumor cells.

Accepted Answer

anorexia

Answer

hypertension

Answer

hyperglycemia

Answer

polyuria

Question 23

Which carcinogen is found in smoked meats?

Accepted Answer

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Answer

lactose

Answer

Ascorbic acid

Answer

Cellulose

Question 24

This term refers to inadequate delivery of blood to the cells: _________.

Accepted Answer

ischemia

Answer

anemia

Answer

edema

Answer

hypertrophy

Question 25

The classification of a tumor "T4b" signifies: _________.

Accepted Answer

tumor invades the visceral peritoneum; invades/adheres to adjacent organ or structure

Answer

tumor limited to the mucosa

Answer

tumor invades only the submucosa

Answer

tumor confined to the muscularis propria

Question 26

What is false about the cancer cells? _________

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells lack the ability to evade immune surveillance and destruction.

Answer

Cancer cells can proliferate uncontrollably.

Answer

Cancer cells can invade surrounding tissues.

Answer

Cancer cells can metastasize to distant organs.

Question 27

Annual physical examinations and routine screening are examples of _________

Accepted Answer

secondary prevention

Answer

tertiary prevention

Answer

primary prevention

Answer

quaternary prevention

Question 28

The following are the principal factors affecting patterns of disease in human populations, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Genetic predisposition

Answer

Age

Answer

Gender

Answer

Socioeconomic factors

Answer

Geographic location

Question 29

The following are some of the several manifestations that indicate that the system is responding to cellular injury and death, except:

Accepted Answer

Improved tissue oxygenation, High blood pressure, enhanced immune reserve, cell regeneration

Answer

enzyme realizes in blood tests (biochemical marker)

Answer

fever, malaises, elevated WBC

Answer

pain loss of function, swelling

Question 30

The following are staging of the tumor, except:

Accepted Answer

Histologic characterization of the tumor cell

Answer

Stage O (carcinoma in situ)

Answer

Stage I (Localized tumor, small, no lymph node spread)

Answer

Stage II (Larger tumor, may involve nearby tissues/lymph nodes)

Answer

Stage III (Regional spread, significant lymph node involvement)

Question 31

28. Apoptosis is now recognized as a primary factor in diseases such as _________

Accepted Answer

heart failure and dementia

Answer

eczema and psoriasis

Answer

influenza and measles

Answer

fractures and sprains

Question 32

In apoptosis, a family of enzymes called ________ is the main component of the proteolytic cascade that degrades key intracellular structures, leading to cell death.

Accepted Answer

caspases

Answer

kinases

Answer

ligases

Answer

polymerases

Question 33

Dysplasia that is severe and involves the entire thickness of the epithelium is called ___________.

Accepted Answer

carcinoma in situ

Answer

metaplasia

Answer

hyperplasia

Answer

adenoma

Question 34

Which is not a connective tissue tumor:

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

osteosarcoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

liposcarcoma

Answer

leiomyosarcoma

Question 35

Fibrosarcoma is a _________

Accepted Answer

malignant tumor of fibrous tissue

Answer

benign tumors of the bone

Answer

benign tumor of adipose tissue

Answer

malignant tumor of cartilage

Question 36

Liposarcoma is a _________

Accepted Answer

malignant tumor of fat

Answer

malignant tumor of muscle

Answer

benign tumor of bone

Answer

benign tumor of cartilage

Question 37

Chondrosarcoma is a _________

Accepted Answer

malignant tumor of cartilage

Answer

benign tumor of bone marrow

Answer

malignant tumor of muscle

Answer

benign tumor of adipose tissue

Question 38

Osteosarcoma is a _________

Accepted Answer

malignant tumor of bone

Answer

benign tumor of cartilage

Answer

malignant tumor of muscle

Answer

benign tumor of bone

Question 39

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a _________

Accepted Answer

malignant tumor of skeletal muscle

Answer

malignant tumor of cartilage

Answer

benign tumor of adipose tissue

Answer

benign tumor of smooth muscle

Question 40

Leiomyosarcoma is a _________

Accepted Answer

malignant tumor of smooth muscle

Answer

benign tumor of skeletal muscle

Answer

malignant tumor of adipose tissue

Answer

benign tumor of smooth muscle

Question 41

32. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) secreted by macrophages and other immune cells can affect the production of ______ by the hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

CRH

Answer

GH

Answer

TSH

Answer

FSH

Question 42

The current view of cancer causation predicts that ________ may be potentially preventable.

Accepted Answer

more than 40% of cancer-related deaths

Answer

all cancer-related deaths

Answer

less than 10% of cancer-related deaths

Answer

none of the cancer-related deaths

Question 43

34. The ________ is the largest preventable cause of cancer, causing up to nearly 30% of all cancer-related deaths.

Accepted Answer

Tobacco use

Answer

Alcohol consumption

Answer

Air pollution

Answer

High sugar intake

Question 44

In relation to cancer, there is growing evidence that obesity is an independent risk factor for developing or dying from several types of cancer, including ________, ________, and ________, among others.

Accepted Answer

endometrial, esophageal, and liver cancer

Answer

lung, skin, and thyroid cancer

Answer

pancreatic, prostate, and brain cancer

Answer

ovarian, testicular, and bladder cancer

Question 45

Carcinogens can be grouped into two major types:

Accepted Answer

genetic damage (initiators)

Accepted Answer

those that promote growth of the tumor (promoters)

Answer

viral infections

Answer

bacterial infections

Question 46

Which one is false about Allostasis?

Accepted Answer

Allostasis means maintaining a fixed internal set point.

Answer

Allostasis is the ability to successfully adapt to challenges, dynamic processes to maintain or reestablish homeostasis.

Question 47

Alcohol intake has been linked to a number of following cancers, except:

Accepted Answer

Skin

Answer

Breast

Answer

Esophageal

Answer

Laryngeal

Answer

Liver

Question 48

39. It is increasingly evident that cancer is primarily a disorder of _________?

Accepted Answer

gene expression

Answer

hormone secretion

Answer

blood pressure

Answer

immune response

Question 49

The ________ refers to the development or evolution of a disease, from the initial stimulus to the ultimate expression of the manifestations of the disease.

Accepted Answer

Pathogenesis

Answer

prognosis

Answer

Diagnosis

Answer

Therapy

Question 50

What kind of abnormality can you see in the picture?

Accepted Answer

Atrophy

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Dysplasia

Question 51

What kind of abnormality can you see in the picture?

Accepted Answer

Hypoplasia

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Atrophy

Question 52

What kind of abnormality can you see in the picture?

Accepted Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Hypoplasia

Answer

Dysplasia

Question 53

What kind of abnormality can you see in the picture?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Hypoplasia

Answer

Dysplasia

REVIEW QUIZ 1 - DO1 CHAPTERS 1, 2, 4, and 7

55 questions

A patient arrives with acute urticaria, swollen and painful lymph nodes after a bug bite. Painful lymph nodes is an example of (select ALL that apply):

What kind of abnormality can you observe in the picture? Identify if it is: Dysplasia, Metaplasia, Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, Atrophy, or Hypoplasia.

What kind of abnormality can you observe in the picture? Identify if it is: Dysplasia, Metaplasia, Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, Atrophy, or Hypoplasia.

What kind of abnormality can you observe in the picture? Identify if it is: Dysplasia, Metaplasia, Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, Atrophy, or Hypoplasia.

What kind of abnormality can you observe in the picture? Identify if it is: Dysplasia, Metaplasia, Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, Atrophy, or Hypoplasia.

What kind of abnormality can you observe in the picture? Identify if it is: Dysplasia, Metaplasia, Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, Atrophy, or Hypoplasia.

What kind of abnormality can you observe in the picture? Identify if it is: Dysplasia, Metaplasia, Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, Atrophy, or Hypoplasia.

Which of the following is NOT an Etiologic Classification of Diseases? MEANING YOU NEED TO KNOW THE RIGHT ONES ….TO IDENTIFY THE WRONG ONE……

4. The ________ is a subjective feeling of an abnormality in the body.

The negative feedback regulation of the HPA axis involves cortisol binding to ________.

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