5th CFA S5E1

A student views a picture of the Appalachian Mountains. The student claims the mountains were formed by a constructive process. Which statement best evaluates the student's claim?

• The student's claim is correct because Earth's plates collided, forcing one part under another and then pushing upward.

• The student's claim is incorrect because flowing rivers and streams carved into the soil, depositing tall layers of rock.

• The student's claim is correct because wind deposited rock and soil into valleys, causing them to build up over time.

• The student's claim is incorrect because volcanoes erupted for long periods of time, creating rock from the cooling magma.

The diagram shows a model of a sand dune that was created by a group of students. The group claims their model shows a landform that was created through a constructive process. Is the group's claim correct? Why or why not?

• The group's claim is correct because the model represents a landform created through gravity.

• The group's claim is incorrect because the model represents a landform created through erosion.

• The group's claim is correct because the model represents a landform created through deposition.

• The group's claim is incorrect because the model represents a landform created through weathering.

A student views a picture of a delta at the mouth of the Mississippi River. The student claims that the landform was created by a destructive process called erosion. Is the student's claim correct? Why or why not?

• The student's claim is correct because the landform was created by the destructive process of sand being worn away by moving water.

• The student's claim is correct because the landform was created by the destructive process of sand being blown away by moving wind.

• The student's claim is incorrect because the landform was created by the constructive process of sand being deposited by moving water.

• The student's claim is incorrect because the landform was created by the constructive process of sand deposited by moving wind.

A group of students are hiking in Providence Canyon, located in southwest Georgia. One student claims that the canyon was created through a constructive process. Which statement best evaluates the student's claim?

• The student's claim is incorrect because the landform was likely formed through the process of erosion.

• The student's claim is correct because the landform was likely formed through the process of deposition.

• The student's claim is correct because the landform was likely formed through the process of weathering.

• The student's claim is incorrect because the landform was likely formed through the process of sedimentation.

A student wishes to model the formation of mountains. The student has one block of modeling clay to use for her model. Which procedure will best show the formation of mountains?

• Step 1: Cut the clay into two equal pieces. Step 2: Place the two pieces of modeling clay close to each other to represent tectonic plates. Step 3: Push the two pieces of modeling clay together to represent the crust crumpling and folding.

• Step 1: Cut the clay into two equal pieces. Step 2: Place the two pieces of modeling clay close to each other to represent fault lines. Step 3: Slide one piece of clay along the edge of the other piece of clay to represent the movement of the crust.

• Step 1: Cut the clay into ten equal pieces. Step 2: Roll out and flatten the pieces to represent different layers. Step 3: Stack the layers on top of each other and press down to represent pressure in sedimentation.

• Step 1: Cut the clay into ten equal pieces. Step 2: Roll out and flatten the pieces to represent different layers. Step 3: Stack the pieces on top of each other in alternating directions to represent folding.

Ellana creates a model for science class. She demonstrates her model by pouring water and sediment down a fast-flowing channel. The water flows down the channel and enters a slow-moving pool at the bottom. The picture shows Ellana's model.

• The formation of a delta, which is a constructive process.

• The formation of islands, which is a constructive process.

• The formation of a delta, which is a destructive process.

• The formation of islands, which is a destructive process.

Ezra creates a model for science class. He uses a box filled evenly with sand. He turns on a hair dryer and blows air at the model for one minute. The pictures show his model. Which best describes what Ezra's model is designed to show?

• The formation of a delta through wind erosion.

• The creation of a dune through wind deposition.

• The formation of a mountain through wind erosion.

• The creation of an island through wind deposition.

The picture shows a structure that was built by humans. Which of Earth's processes was the structure designed to protect against?

• earthquakes

• tornadoes

• hurricanes

• flooding

How does a jetty help to protect a coastline from erosion?

• It prevents the sea level from rising and removing sediment.

• It becomes a barrier against waves and currents.

• It deposits sand created by the weathering of the rocks.

• It forces sand to stay on the beach by increasing waves.

What question can scientists learn from this seismograph?

• How deep is the earthquake?

• How strong is the earthquake?

• How far away will the earthquake travel?

• How much damage will the earthquake cause?