AP Evolution Review

Front

What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

Back

The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences.

Front

List the five conditions for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Back

1. Large population size 2. No immigration or emigration 3. No natural selection 4. Random mating 5. No genetic mutations

Front

What does 'gene flow' refer to in evolutionary biology?

Back

Gene flow is the transfer of genetic material between populations, which can occur through migration of individuals or gametes.

Front

Explain the concept of allopatric speciation.

Back

Allopatric speciation occurs when a population is geographically separated, leading to reproductive isolation and the evolution of new species.

Front

What is the significance of embryonic similarities among vertebrates?

Back

Similarities in early embryos of different vertebrate species suggest a common ancestry, indicating evolutionary relationships.

Front

Define 'sympatric speciation'.

Back

Sympatric speciation is the process of speciation that occurs when populations diverge while living in the same geographic area, often due to behavioral or ecological differences.

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What is natural selection?

Back

Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Front

What is the role of mutations in evolution?

Back

Mutations are changes in DNA that can introduce new genetic variation into a population, which can be acted upon by natural selection.

Front

Describe the concept of 'niche' in ecology.

Back

A niche is the role or function of an organism or species within an ecosystem, including its habitat, resource use, and interactions with other organisms.

Front

What is the difference between allopatric and sympatric species?

Back

Allopatric species are geographically isolated from each other, while sympatric species coexist in the same geographic area but may occupy different niches.