Kahoot!: Unit 1: Nature of Science Review-Form A

Dr. Martinez, a middle school principal, examines the number of male and female middle school soccer players over a five-year period.

Which year had the greatest number of female soccer players?

• 2023

• 2022

• 2021

• 2020

Answer explanation

The year 2023 had the highest recorded number of female soccer players, surpassing previous years. This indicates a growth in female participation in the sport during that year.

Marcus conducted an experiment to test the preferred habitat of earthworms in a terrarium. He placed garden soil in the terrarium then created different environments in each section. In one section he placed damp moss to simulate a moist habitat, a heat lamp in another section to simulate a warm dry environment, and crushed leaves in another to simulate a habitat with organic matter. The final section he left as just plain soil. He released 18 earthworms into the center of the terrarium which was covered with a dark cloth. After 3 days, Marcus removed the cover and counted the number of worms in each section, then repeated this process every other day for 2 weeks. Marcus consistently found more earthworms in the section with damp moss.

What is the test variable (independent variable) in this experiment?

• The type of habitat being simulated

• The number of earthworms placed in the terrarium

• The amount of soil in the terrarium

• The lighting in the environment

Answer explanation

The test variable, or independent variable, in this experiment is the type of habitat being simulated. Marcus varied the environments to see how they affected the earthworms' distribution.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

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Sofia, a marine biologist, notices that a particular group of whales appears during the summer months near the coast and disappears during winter months. Sofia hypothesizes that the whales migrate north to colder waters with more abundant food sources during the winter months. Which procedure should Sofia use to test her hypothesis?

• Survey coastal and northern residents about whale sightings in their areas

• Tag the whales with GPS transmitters and track their movement

• Set up observation stations in the north to verify the time of year that whales arrive

• Observe the direction the whales travel when they depart in the winter

Answer explanation

Tagging the whales with GPS transmitters allows Sofia to track their exact migration patterns and confirm if they move to colder waters for food during winter, directly testing her hypothesis.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

Emma believes that she solves puzzles better and faster when she chews gum. Her teacher says that chewing gum is distracting when solving problems. Emma decides to test the impact of gum chewing on her puzzle-solving ability. On Thursday, Friday, and Monday she works on logic puzzles while chewing gum and without chewing gum, then counts the number of puzzles completed in each scenario. She recorded her results in the data table below.

Based on the results, Emma can say:

• Her hypothesis that gum chewing increases her puzzle-solving ability was not supported

• Her hypothesis that gum chewing increases her puzzle-solving ability was not true

• Her hypothesis that gum chewing increases her puzzle-solving ability was supported

• Her hypothesis that gum chewing increases her puzzle-solving ability was proven

Answer explanation

Emma's results showed that she completed more puzzles while chewing gum, supporting her hypothesis that gum chewing increases her puzzle-solving ability.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

Ryan tests a hypothesis that the thicker of two fabric materials will keep ice cubes frozen longer than the thinner material. He wraps equal amounts of ice cubes in two different fabrics. One fabric is made of thin cotton, and the other fabric is made of thick wool. He records his results in a chart.

• The hypothesis was supported, and no further experimentation needs to be conducted

• The hypothesis was not supported, and no further experimentation needs to be conducted

• The hypothesis was supported, so other materials should be tested

• The hypothesis was not supported, so other materials should be tested

Answer explanation

Ryan's hypothesis was supported as the thicker wool kept the ice cubes frozen longer. To further explore insulation properties, testing other materials is recommended.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-3

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Maya has done an experiment to find out whether tomato plants grow taller under LED lighting or natural sunlight. She found that LED lighting made the plants grow two centimeters taller over a period of three weeks. She gave her notes to Carlos, who did the same experiment with very similar results.

• repetition

• plagiarism

• replication

• pseudoscience

Answer explanation

Carlos's experiment with similar results to Maya's demonstrates replication, which is the process of repeating an experiment to verify findings. This is essential in scientific research to confirm results.

Isabella and Michael have performed an experiment and are not sure their results are valid. What should they do to check their results?

• repeat the same experiment multiple times

• change their hypothesis to match their results

• change their lab report

• average their results

Answer explanation

To validate their results, Isabella and Michael should repeat the same experiment multiple times. This helps ensure that their findings are consistent and reliable, rather than a result of random chance.

Each student recorded data showing the amount of snow in centimeters that fell in each of four weeks at school.

Based on this data, why is it important to use replication in scientific investigation?

• to ensure accuracy during investigations

• to provide the same results by the same person during investigations

• to find inconsistencies during investigations

Answer explanation

Replication is crucial in scientific investigations to ensure accuracy. By having multiple students record the same data, we can confirm the consistency of results, reducing the likelihood of errors and increasing reliability.

What are models used for in science?

• It is the controlled variable in any experiment

• To test a hypothesis written as an if, then, because statement

• Perform an experiment and graph the results

• Represent an idea, object or process that cannot be experienced in daily life

Answer explanation

Models in science are essential for representing ideas, objects, or processes that we cannot directly experience in daily life. They help us understand complex concepts and phenomena by providing a simplified version of reality.

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Two types of models can be used to show the details of ocean currents. Drawing Model: A 2D diagram showing arrows and current patterns Computer Simulation Model: A 3D animated model showing water movement Which of the following best describes a limitation of the drawing model but NOT the computer simulation model?

• It does not contain the correct information about the direction of currents

• It does not represent the main parts of ocean circulation

• It cannot represent the different depths of the ocean

Answer explanation

The drawing model is limited as it cannot represent different ocean depths, while the computer simulation can show 3D movement, including variations in depth, making it more comprehensive in depicting ocean currents.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6