Cell Membrane and Cell Transport

Homeostasis

• Maintaining a stable internal environment

• Achieving maximum energy output

• Increasing metabolic rate

• Enhancing external environmental changes

What process is number 3

• Active Transport

• Facilitated Diffusion

• Passive Transport

• Endocytosis

active transport

• a type of transport that moves molecules against the concentration gradient (from low to high concentration), which requires energy in the form of ATP

• a passive process that allows molecules to move from high to low concentration without energy

• a method of transporting water across cell membranes using energy

• a type of transport that only occurs in plant cells and does not require energy

What is the cell membrane (AKA, the plasma membrane)?

• Made of two phospholipid layers, called the phospholipid bilayer

• A rigid structure that provides support to the cell

• A single layer of lipids that allows all substances to pass freely

• A network of proteins that floats in a sea of lipids

isotonic

• water is balanced on both sides of the cell

• water moves into the cell causing it to swell

• water moves out of the cell causing it to shrink

• water concentration is higher inside the cell than outside

phospholipid

• A type of carbohydrate that provides energy to cells.

• The type of lipid that makes up the majority of the cell membrane.

• A protein that helps in cell signaling.

• A nucleic acid that stores genetic information.

selectively permeable

• Describes the cell membrane; it selects what it will allow in or out

• Refers to the ability of a cell to divide and replicate

• Indicates that all substances can freely pass through the membrane

• Describes the process of active transport in cells

concentration

• the amount of a substance dissolved (solute) in another substance (solvent)

• the total volume of a solution

• the temperature at which a solution boils

• the pressure exerted by a gas in a solution

endocytosis

• a type of passive transport where molecules move OUT of the cell

• a type of active (bulk) transport where large molecules, or large amounts of molecules, are brought INTO the cell

• a process that only occurs in plant cells for nutrient absorption

• a mechanism for the release of waste products from the cell

hypertonic

• There is more water inside the cell than outside, which leads to water leaving the cell, causing the cell to shrink/shrivel

• The concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell, leading to no net movement of water

• There is more water outside the cell than inside, causing the cell to swell

• The cell maintains its shape and size due to equal water movement in and out