FOT 7 FD

What is the primary purpose of textile finishing?

• To dye the fabric in various colors

• To impart required functional properties to the fiber or fabric through physical and chemical treatments

• To weave the yarn into fabric

• To spin fibers into yarn

Which of the following is an example of a mechanical function in textile finishing?

• Adding water repellency

• Calendering to smooth the fabric

• Applying flame resistance

• Incorporating UV-absorbing chemicals

What distinguishes durable finishes from permanent finishes in textiles?

• Durable finishes last throughout the life but diminish with cleaning, while permanent finishes involve no chemical change

• Durable finishes are removed after one cleaning, while permanent finishes last the fabric's life

• Durable finishes last the fabric's life but effectiveness reduces over cleanings, while permanent finishes involve a chemical change and do not alter

• Durable finishes are temporary, while permanent finishes are semi-durable

What term is used for textiles immediately after manufacturing, before they undergo finishing processes?

• Finished fabrics

• Dyed materials

• Grey goods

• Printed textiles

Which of the following is listed as an importance of finishing in terms of marketability?

• Reducing the weight of the cloth

• Covering only visual faults

• Eliminating all industrial processes

• Meeting consumer demands for style, comfort, and durability

Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes the structural changes in cotton fibers during slack mercerization compared to standard mercerization under tension?

• Slack mercerization allows for fiber swelling without tension, leading to improved elasticity and stretch properties, while standard mercerization preserves luster through maintained tension.

• Slack mercerization enhances luster more than standard mercerization but reduces dye affinity.

• Slack mercerization uses a higher concentration of sodium hydroxide (above 25%) to achieve dimensional stability, unlike standard mercerization.

• Slack mercerization is performed at elevated temperatures to increase strength, whereas standard mercerization focuses on neutralization for smoothness.

Which variant of mercerization is most suitable for applications requiring deeper dye penetration and vibrant colors, and what specific methodological adjustment differentiates it from slack mercerization?

• Hot mercerization, which uses elevated temperatures to enhance dye uptake, unlike slack mercerization's focus on stretch without tension.

• Standard mercerization under tension, which prioritizes luster over dye affinity compared to hot mercerization.

• Slack mercerization, which incorporates acid neutralization at higher concentrations for color vibrancy.

• Hot mercerization, but it reduces elasticity unlike slack mercerization's heat-setting for dimensional stability.

In plissé finishing, how does the application of sodium hydroxide in patterned printing lead to the puckered effect, and what property makes it particularly advantageous for lightweight fabrics in terms of maintenance?

• It causes uniform swelling across the fabric, creating pleats that require frequent ironing for stability.

• Localized shrinkage in treated areas produces crinkles, and the set effect reduces the need for ironing due to durable dimensional stability.

• The chemical dissolves fibers for a airy feel, but it increases weight, making maintenance more complex.

• Mechanical heat-setting is combined with the chemical for patterns, enhancing stiffness but requiring specialized washing to prevent flattening.

Which type of softener is described as being substantive to cellulosic material, remaining on cloth for a few washes, but potentially causing yellowing on white fabrics?

• Anionic softeners

• Non-ionic softeners

• Cationic softeners

• Emulsion softeners

For natural fibers like cotton in embossing, what additional treatment is often required to make the fabric pliable and retain the three-dimensional pattern?

• Mechanical trimming of surface fibers

• Application of silicone-based lubricants

• Resin or chemical treatment before heat and pressure

• Adjustment of pile height for uniformity