APUSH 1.5

The Spanish encomienda system was most similar to which of the following European practices?

• Feudalism in medieval Europe

• Serfdom in Russia during the 18th century

• The Protestant work ethic in northern Europe

• The plantation system of the Caribbean in the 18th century

Which of the following most directly led to the decline of Native labor in the Spanish colonies?

• The reluctance of Native groups to work with Europeans

• High mortality rates from European diseases

• The abundance of Native populations across the Americas

• Resistance from the Catholic Church

The Spanish “caste system” in the Americas was primarily based on:

• Wealth and occupation alone

• Race and ancestry, including European, African, and Native heritage

• Religious affiliation with the Catholic Church

• Loyalty to the Spanish crown

Which of the following best explains why Africans increasingly replaced Native Americans as the primary labor source in Spanish colonies?

• Africans were immune to all diseases present in the Americas.

• Africans brought agricultural skills and had higher resistance to Old World diseases.

• Africans were voluntarily migrating to Spanish America.

• The Spanish crown passed laws forbidding the use of Native labor.

The introduction of African slavery in the Spanish colonies contributed to which of the following developments?

• The complete elimination of Native American cultures

• The growth of racially mixed populations such as mestizos and mulattoes

• The decline of European immigration to the Americas

• The collapse of the Spanish Catholic Church’s influence

Which of the following groups was at the top of the Spanish colonial social hierarchy in the Americas?

• Mestizos (Spanish and Native ancestry)

• Peninsulares (Spanish-born settlers)

• Mulattoes (Spanish and African ancestry)

• Creoles (American-born descendants of Spaniards)