Unit 3 Review

Why was the expansion of railroads important to the US oil industry in the late 1800s?

• During the construction of railroad tracks, oil deposits were often accidentally discovered.

• Railroad companies were the primary consumers of oil in the United States and their growth led to a boom in profits for oil producers.

• Oil drilling often occurred in remote areas of the country and railroads enabled producers to ship their products to major markets in the East.

• Oil production was tightly controlled by the government until the growth of railroads led to increased demand and the relaxation of regulations.

How was the telegraph instrumental in the development of both the United States' infrastructure and the development of big business?

• It created a need for infrastructure throughout the country, which allowed businesses to expand into new territories.

• It allowed managers to more efficiently coordinate with workers in different areas of the country in near-real time.

• It created jobs which stimulated the economy enough to allow for even more innovations in business.

• It allowed direct, secure communication with employees without third parties handling the messages.

Thomas Edison created a commercially viable incandescent light bulb in 1879. How did this invention change the American workplace?

• It forced workers to specialize in certain tasks.

• It reduced efficiency in the workplace.

• It allowed workers to work longer hours.

• It led to the end of child labor laws.

Which of the following describes John D. Rockefeller's impact on industry?

• Rockefeller gained control of most other oil companies and created a trust.

• Rockefeller gained control of most other steel companies and created a monopoly.

• Rockefeller owned vast parcels of land and became one of the largest cattle farmers and sellers on the market.

• Rockefeller invested in many technological advances such as the electric light bulb and motion pictures.

Which statement BEST describes a major impact of the invention of the telegraph and telephone?

• They enabled businesses to operate on a national scale by coordinating production and distribution across long distances

• They improved communication in major cities which helped local governments manage population growth

• They allowed companies to share information faster which reduced delays in regional manufacturing centers

• They increased the speed of workplace communication which helped managers supervise employees more effectively

How did Henry Bessemer contribute to the industrialization of the United States in the late 1800s?

• by developing a process for mass-producing steel

• by inventing the alternating current electrical system

• by enabling instantaneous communication across long distances

• by financing the construction of railroad lines connecting major cities

How were Americans influenced by the growth of railroads during the Second Industrial Revolution?

• Railroads led to shortages of raw materials for factories and of workers on farms.

• Railroads stimulated the construction of steamships to trade up and down rivers.

• Railroads created time zones, the growth of cities, and the first truly national market.

• Railroads caused cotton, rice, and wheat production to move from the Southeast to the West Coast.

What led to the rapid growth of the railroad industry in the United States in the second half of the nineteenth century?

• A. the development of the Bessemer steel-making process

• B. the discovery of coal deposits in West Virginia

• C. the development of the creosote wood-treatment process

• D. the discovery of oil in the American Southwest

Which Scottish immigrant became a billionaire during the Second Industrial Revolution by introducing the Bessemer process to massproduce steel and vertically integrating the steel industry?

• A. Andrew Carnegie

• B. Cornelius Vanderbilt

• C. Henry Clay Frick

• D. John Jacob Astor

Who was known for creating one of America's landmark corporations - Standard Oil?

• Thomas Edison

• Samuel Gompers

• Andrew Carnegie

• John D. Rockefeller