Amino Acids and Macromolecules Concepts

1. How many different amino acids can be combined in various ways to form proteins?

• There are 20 amino acids that can be combined in various ways to form proteins>

• There are 5 amino acids that can be combined in various ways to form proteins>

• There are 6 amino acids that can be combined in various ways to form proteins>

• There are 30 amino acids that can be combined in various ways to form proteins>

1. Which macromolecule is hydrophobic and insoluble (unable to dissolve) in water?

• Carbohydrates are hydrophobic and don’t dissolve in water.

• Nucleic acids are hydrophobic and don’t dissolve in water.

• Lipids are hydrophobic and don’t dissolve in water.

• Proteins are hydrophobic and don’t dissolve in water.

1. What is each macromolecule composed of (the monomers):

   1. Carbohydrates?

   2. Nucleic acids?

   3. Lipids?

   4. Proteins?

• Monomers of each macromolecule:

  • Carbohydrates → monosaccharides (simple sugars)

  • Nucleic acids → nucleotides

  • Lipids → glycerol + fatty acids

  • Proteins → amino acids

• Monomers of each macromolecule:

• Monomers of each macromolecule:

• Monomers of each macromolecule:

Organelle : Ribosome

Function: ?

What would happen if this organelle malfunctioned? Explain.

• • Ribosome → Makes proteins | Without it, no proteins are made.

• Stores DNA, controls cell | Without it, cell loses instructions.

• • Controls what enters/leaves | Cell would lose balance and maybe die.

• Makes energy (ATP) | Without it, no energy for the cell.

Organelle : Nucleus

Function: ?

What would happen if this organelle malfunctioned? Explain. 

• Makes lipids/detoxifies | No lipids made, toxins build up.

• Helps make proteins | Protein production would be messed up.

• Controls what enters/leaves | Cell would lose balance and maybe die.

• • Nucleus → Stores DNA, controls cell | Without it, cell loses instructions.

Organelle : Cell Membrane

Function: ?

What would happen if this organelle malfunctioned? Explain. 

• • Cell Membrane → Controls what enters/leaves | Cell would lose balance and maybe die.

• Makes energy (ATP) | Without it, no energy for the cell.

Organelle :  Mitochondria

Function: ?

What would happen if this organelle malfunctioned? Explain. 

• • Golgi Apparatus → Packages/sends proteins | Proteins wouldn’t reach the right place.

• • Mitochondria → Makes energy (ATP) | Without it, no energy for the cell.

Organelle : Golgi Apparatus

Function: ?

What would happen if this organelle malfunctioned? Explain. 

• • Rough ER → Helps make proteins | Protein production would be messed up.

• • Golgi Apparatus → Packages/sends proteins | Proteins wouldn’t reach the right place.

Organelle : Rough ER

Function: ?

What would happen if this organelle malfunctioned? Explain. 

• • Rough ER → Helps make proteins | Protein production would be messed up.

• • Smooth ER → Makes lipids/detoxifies | No lipids made, toxins build up.

Organelle : Organelle : Smooth ER

Function: ?

What would happen if this organelle malfunctioned?

• • Chloroplast → Photosynthesis | Plant can’t make food.

• • Smooth ER→ Makes lipids/detoxifies | No lipids made, toxins build up.