REVIEW QUIZ 3 WEEK 4

Which of the following indicates the correct pathophysiological process of the backward effects of right-sided heart failure?

• Forward effects caused by decreased cardiac output: Fatigue, oliguria, increased heart rate, faint pulses, restlessness, confusion, anxiety.

• Backward effects caused by pulmonary congestion: Dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, pulmonary edema.

• Backward effects caused by congestion in the systemic venous system

• Backward effects caused by left atrial pressure: Pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary edema, cyanosis, shortness of breath.

ACE-inhibitors, Angiotensin receptor blockers, beta blockers, loop-diuretics such as furosemide, and digitalis, a positive inotropic agent, are often prescribed for:

• Diabetes mellitus

• Heart failure and high blood pressure

• Asthma and chronic bronchitis

• Peptic ulcer disease

The systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is determined by: Select all that Apply

• the radius of arteries

• blood viscosity

• heart rate

• the degree of vessel compliance

The phase III of Korotkoff Sounds, describes the _________?

• increase in intensity and crispness of sounds

• disappearance of sounds

• muffling of sounds

• appearance of faint tapping sounds

An increase in extracellular fluid (ECF) volume results in an increase in CO; when combined with the volume-induced increase in SVR, this results in an elevation in the _________?

• pulmonary ventilation

• venous return

• arterial blood pressure

• glomerular filtration rate

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

The juxtaglomerular cells synthesize and store the pre-inactive form of this enzyme.

• vasopressin

• Aldosterone

• Angiotensinogen

• Renin

In situations such as a shock state, when systolic and diastolic pressures cannot be auscultated, the systolic pressure alone may be obtained by: Select all that apply

• obtained by palpation

• by amplification of the pulse using ultrasound technology (Doppler pressure)

• by measuring heart rate

• by using a stethoscope

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

The ________ is a peptide produced in the renal medulla, binds to receptors within the kidney, initiating an autocrine-induced vasodilatory response affecting renal perfusion, water and electrolyte movement, and release of Renin.

• Endothelin- 2 (ET- 2)

• Endothelin- 1 (ET- 1)

• Endothelin- 3 (ET- 3)

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Older patients often have a period during measurement when the Korotkoff sounds disappear, returning 20 to 40 mm Hg later. This auscultatory gap may be attributed to intra-arterial pressure fluctuations associated with _________?

• hypertension

• hypotension

• arrhythmia

• atherosclerosis

In relation to Short-Term Regulation of Systemic Blood Pressure, changes in physical activity require the most frequent alterations in blood pressure, and rapid adjustments are initiated in what time frame?

• 2-3 minutes

• 30-60 seconds

• 5-10 seconds

• 10-15 minutes

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3