Which philosophical movement of the 17th and 18th centuries emphasized the use of reason and challenged traditional beliefs?

• The Scientific Revolution

• The Enlightenment

• The Renaissance

• The Protestant Reformation

According to Thomas Hobbes' view in "Leviathan," what was human nature like in its natural state?

• Peaceful and cooperative

• Rational and enlightened

• Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short

• Naturally good and virtuous

Who argued that people are born with natural rights to life, liberty, and property?

• Thomas Hobbes

• Voltaire

• Rousseau

• John Locke

What concept did Montesquieu advocate for in his book "The Spirit of the Laws"?

• Absolute monarchy

• Direct democracy

• Separation of powers

• Religious authority

How did Mary Wollstonecraft challenge the gender norms of her time?

• By promoting traditional roles for women

• By arguing women should only focus on domestic duties

• By suggesting women couldn't reason like men

• By advocating for women's rights to education and professional careers

What economic system did Adam Smith promote in "The Wealth of Nations"?

• Mercantilism

• Command economy

• Laissez-faire capitalism

• Socialist economy

Which work became a crucial tool for spreading Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe?

• The Encyclopedia

• The Social Contract

• Two Treatises of Government

• The Spirit of the Laws

What was Jean-Jacques Rousseau's main argument about civilization?

• It had improved human nature

• It had corrupted people's natural goodness

• It had no effect on human nature

• It had strengthened religious beliefs

How did Voltaire primarily criticize society and its institutions?

• Through violent protests

• Through religious sermons

• Through satire

• Through scientific experiments

What did Margaret Cavendish argue regarding women's status in society?

• Women were naturally inferior to men

• Women's restrictions were based on men's conceit

• Women should only focus on domestic duties

• Women were incapable of scientific thought