Which of the following best describes myofascial pain syndrome?

A chronic pain disorder in which pressure on sensitized muscles or trigger points causes pain that presents in other muscular regions, commonly known as referred pain.

A temporary muscle soreness after exercise.

A genetic disorder affecting bone growth.

A viral infection causing muscle weakness.

What is a common cause of the trigger points associated with myofascial pain?

Tightened muscle fiber bands that form after injuries or in response to overuse syndromes.

Explain how overuse syndromes can contribute to the development of myofascial pain trigger points.

Overuse syndromes can lead to tightened muscle fiber bands, which may form trigger points after injuries or repetitive strain, resulting in myofascial pain.

Overuse syndromes only affect bone density, not muscles.

Overuse syndromes cause viral infections in the muscle tissue.

Overuse syndromes are unrelated to muscle pain or trigger points.

What are trigger points most commonly associated with in the human body?

Areas of referred pain and muscle tightness

Based on the diagrams, which of the following best describes the relationship between trigger points and pain distribution?

Trigger points can cause pain in areas distant from their actual location.

Trigger points only cause pain at the exact spot they are located.

Trigger points are unrelated to pain distribution.

Trigger points are only found in the lower limbs.

Which of the following is a likely reason for a healthcare professional to study diagrams of trigger points?

To better diagnose and treat musculoskeletal pain

To identify locations for surgical incisions

To locate veins for blood draws

Explain why palpation with pressure is important when identifying myofascial trigger points.

It allows the practitioner to feel for areas of tenderness or tightness, confirming the presence of trigger points.

It helps to visually identify the trigger points.

It is used to measure muscle strength.

It is only necessary for diagnosing bone fractures.

What distinguishes a latent trigger point from an active trigger point?

Latent trigger points do not elicit pain upon palpation and can remain dormant for years.

Latent trigger points produce muscular twitch and are the origin of pain.

Latent trigger points become active when a different muscle receives pressure.

Latent trigger points are always located near another trigger point.

Which of the following is a recommended medical treatment for myofascial pain/trigger points?

Medication, dry needling, and trigger point injection

Which of the following should be avoided to help manage myofascial pain?

Repetitive motions and poor posture

Which of the following best describes fibromyalgia syndrome?

A disorder characterized by widespread and diffuse musculoskeletal pain with tenderness and stiffness, occurring independently of a specific injury or lesion.

A disorder caused by localized joint inflammation due to infection.

A condition resulting from acute trauma to the muscles.

A disease that only affects the digestive system.

Which symptom is most commonly associated with fibromyalgia pain?

A constant dull ache lasting for at least 3 months, experienced above/below the waist and on both sides of the body.

Sharp, intermittent pain only in the hands and feet.

Sudden, severe pain that lasts less than a week.

Pain that is only present after physical activity.

Which of the following cognitive difficulties is often experienced by individuals with fibromyalgia?

Fibrofog, which impairs alertness and concentration in daily activities.

Euphoria, leading to increased energy and focus.

Photophobia, causing sensitivity to light.

Dyslexia, affecting reading ability.

Which of the following conditions commonly co-occur with fibromyalgia? (Select the best answer.)

Chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, depression and anxiety, migraine and headache, interstitial cystitis, painful bladder syndrome, temporomandibular joint disorder.

Asthma, diabetes, hypertension, and eczema.

Osteoporosis, gout, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Chickenpox, measles, and mumps.

Why is fibromyalgia considered a relapsing disorder with no cure?

Because its symptoms occur independently of a specific injury or lesion and persist over time.

Because it is caused by a bacterial infection that cannot be treated.

Because it only affects children and resolves in adulthood.

Because it is always associated with broken bones.

What is a key characteristic of the pain experienced in fibromyalgia?

Always associated with visible inflammation

A patient reports chronic pain, stiffness, and tenderness of muscles and tendons without observable inflammation. What is the most likely diagnosis process for fibromyalgia?

Physical exam, patient report, and ruling out other conditions

Blood test for specific antibodies

For a diagnosis of fibromyalgia, which of the following criteria must be met?

Pain must be widespread, above and below the waist, on both sides of the body, lasting at least 3 months

Pain must be present only in the lower limbs for 1 month

Pain must be associated with visible swelling of the joints

Pain must be relieved by antibiotics

Why is medical management for myofascial-fibromyalgia considered most effective when combined with other therapies?

It addresses multiple aspects of the patient's well-being, such as physical, psychological, and lifestyle factors.

It reduces the need for medication entirely.

It eliminates the need for physical therapy.

It only focuses on alternative medicine.

List two non-pharmaceutical therapies that can be combined with medical management for myofascial-fibromyalgia treatment.

Occupational therapy and sleep hygiene programs

Which of the following is a reasoned benefit of including cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of myofascial-fibromyalgia?

It helps patients manage stress and modify negative thought patterns, improving overall outcomes.

It directly reduces muscle inflammation.

It replaces the need for all medications.

It is only effective for physical symptoms.

Which of the following best describes radiculopathy as a cause of low back pain?

Structural changes from nerve compression, such as herniation

Degenerative narrowing of spinal openings causing nerve pressure

Spinal instability causing vertebral displacement

Loss of disc fluid with age causing misalignment of vertebral bodies

What is the primary effect of spinal stenosis in the context of low back pain?

Degenerative narrowing of spinal openings causing pressure on spinal nerves

Loss of disc height and misalignment of vertebral joints

Herniated disc causing nerve compression and radiating pain

Bone spurs causing pain without radiation

Facet Joint Syndrome is most commonly associated with which of the following changes?

Loss of intervertebral disc fluid and disc height changes with age

Spinal instability and vertebral displacement

Herniation of the nucleus pulposus

Degenerative narrowing of spinal foramina

Explain how spondylosis can impact a patient's range of motion and mobility.

Spondylosis leads to age-related disc compression and bone spurs, resulting in pain and stiffness that limit range of motion and cause immobility.

Spondylosis causes pain that radiates to the lower extremities, leading to muscle weakness.

Spondylosis results in loss of disc fluid, causing vertebral misalignment and nerve compression.

Spondylosis is due to spinal instability, causing vertebral displacement and severe nerve damage.

Compare and contrast the mechanisms of pain in radiculopathy and facet joint syndrome.

Radiculopathy is due to nerve compression from herniation, while facet joint syndrome is due to disc height loss and misalignment of vertebral joints.

Both are caused by bone spurs compressing nerves.

Both are caused by spinal instability and vertebral displacement.

Radiculopathy and facet joint syndrome both result from degenerative narrowing of spinal foramina.

How does a muscle spasm, as shown in the diagram, contribute to pain in the lower back and leg?

By inflaming muscles that can compress nearby nerves

By increasing blood flow to the area

By strengthening the surrounding ligaments

Compare the effects of a bulging disc pressing on the spinal nerve root versus pressing posteriorly on the spinal cord. What is a likely difference in symptoms?

Pressing on the nerve root may cause localized nerve pain, while pressing on the spinal cord may cause broader neurological symptoms

Both only affect bone structure

Pressing on the spinal cord causes no symptoms

Which of the following best describes the difference between central stenosis and lateral stenosis as shown in the diagram?

Central stenosis affects the central spinal canal, while lateral stenosis affects the nerve root canals.

Central stenosis affects only the vertebral bodies, while lateral stenosis affects the spinal cord.

Central stenosis is found only in the cervical spine, while lateral stenosis is found only in the lumbar spine.

Central stenosis is a type of bone fracture, while lateral stenosis is a muscle injury.

Musculoskeletal Pain: Concepts and Risk Factors

Authored by Travis Heaton

Health Sciences

University

Musculoskeletal Pain: Concepts and Risk Factors

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following best describes musculoskeletal pain?

Occurs as a result of impairment to the structural integrity of bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, bursae, or some combination of anatomical structures.

Is only caused by infections in the muscles.

Is always a result of genetic disorders.

Is only experienced by athletes.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following is considered an umbrella term for musculoskeletal pain?

Pain syndromes

Muscle cramps

Bone fractures

Joint dislocations

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following is NOT a way musculoskeletal pain is typically described?

Radiating

Persistent

Intermittent

Sudden death

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which factor does NOT generally increase the risk of musculoskeletal pain?

High physical activity

Age

Smoking

Low socioeconomic status

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How is the phenomenon of pain best characterized?

A subjective experience influenced by pain threshold and tolerance

A purely objective measurement

A condition only affecting the elderly

A disease with a single cause

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following is a general risk factor for musculoskeletal pain?

Poor social support

High income

Excellent nutrition

Frequent travel

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following best explains why musculoskeletal pain can vary between individuals?

It is influenced by pain threshold and tolerance of the individual.

It is always the same for everyone.

It only depends on the type of injury.

It is not affected by psychological factors.

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Musculoskeletal Pain: Concepts and Risk Factors

Which of the following best describes musculoskeletal pain?

Which of the following is considered an umbrella term for musculoskeletal pain?

Which of the following is NOT a way musculoskeletal pain is typically described?

Which factor does NOT generally increase the risk of musculoskeletal pain?

How is the phenomenon of pain best characterized?

Which of the following is a general risk factor for musculoskeletal pain?

Which of the following best explains why musculoskeletal pain can vary between individuals?

Which of the following best describes myofascial pain syndrome?

What is a common cause of the trigger points associated with myofascial pain?

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom or sign (S&S) of myofascial pain syndrome?

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