Unit 1: Foundations of America - Exam Review

Which factor most contributed to cultural diversity among Native American groups before 1492?

• Shared European traditions

• Different geographic and environmental conditions

• Universal reliance on maize

• Common language systems

In what way did maize cultivation transform societies in the Americas?

• It eliminated the need for trade.

• It led to constant migration.

• It allowed permanent settlements and population growth.

• It reduced the power of tribal leaders.

Columbus defended the enslavement of Indigenous people partly by claiming they:

• Were weak militarily and could be controlled.

• Had advanced weaponry.

• Demanded European protection.

• Already enslaved one another.

The Columbian Exchange introduced which major change to Europe?

• Decline in trade networks

• Loss of farmland

• A surge in population due to new crops

• Increased reliance on nomadic life

The Mayflower Compact is best described as:

• An early example of self-government by colonists.

• A charter from the English king.

• A guarantee of religious freedom for all people.

• The first written U.S. Constitution.

By the late 1600s, which region relied most heavily on enslaved labor?

• Middle Colonies

• New England Colonies

• Southern Colonies

• Frontier communities

Under mercantilism, Britain expected its colonies to:

• Provide raw materials and trade only with Britain.

• Trade freely with other empires.

• Develop independent economies.

• Establish their own currency.

Why did colonists resent the Proclamation of 1763?

• It increased church taxes.

• It banned sugar imports.

• It stopped settlement west of the Appalachians.

• It required jury trials for all cases.

Colonists most effectively opposed the Stamp Act through:

• Boycotts of British goods.

• Letters to Parliament.

• Public celebrations.

• Demands for royal pardons.

John Locke’s philosophy most influenced colonists to believe that governments should:

• Give power to the wealthy elite

• Follow religious leaders

• Protect natural rights or face resistance

• Control the press