AP Psychology 0.0 & 0.1

A researcher finds that identical twins raised apart have very similar IQ scores. Which perspective best explains this finding?

• Behavioral

• Biological

• Sociocultural

• Humanistic

A psychologist uses exposure therapy to help someone overcome a fear of spiders. This approach reflects which perspective?

• Evolutionary

• Behavioral

• Psychodynamic

• Humanistic

A person struggles with test anxiety because they interpret every exam as a threat to their self-worth. Which perspective best explains this?

• Cognitive

• Behavioral

• Psychodynamic

• Evolutionary

A therapist encourages a client to explore their values and work toward self-actualization. This method reflects the principles of the:

• Humanistic perspective

• Biological perspective

• Sociocultural perspective

• Evolutionary perspective

According to the psychodynamic perspective, which factor most influences behavior?

• 1. Learned associations and reinforcement

• 1. Free will and conscious choice

• 1. Unconscious motives and childhood experiences

• 1. Cultural norms and expectations

A psychologist studies how peer pressure influences teenagers’ decisions to drink alcohol. Which perspective is most relevant?

• 1. Sociocultural

• 1. Biological

• 1. Humanistic

• 1. Evolutionary

Research suggests people fear snakes more than cars, even though cars are more dangerous. The evolutionary perspective would argue this is because?

• 1. Snakes are more common than cars

• 1. Humans are biologically predisposed to fear threats faced by ancestors

• 1. People learn fear through observation and punishment

• 1. Snakes symbolize unconscious conflict

A teacher uses rewards to increase class participation. This approach is most consistent with which perspective?

• 1. Behavioral

• 1. Humanistic

• 1. Cognitive

• 1. Evolutionary

1. Which comparison correctly distinguishes the biological and behavioral perspectives?

• 1. Both perspectives are primarily concerned with unconscious motives

• 1. Both perspectives ignore environmental influences

• 2. Biological emphasizes self-actualization; behavioral emphasizes social norms

• 1. Biological studies genetics and brain structures; behavioral focuses on learning through conditioning

Psychology is considered a science because it relies on:

• 1. Personal intuition and everyday common sense

• 1. Testable theories, systematic observation, and empirical evidence

• 1. Philosophical arguments without data

• 1. Unchanging truths and absolute answers