After the extinction of the dinosaurs, many niches were left empty which allowed a period of sudden and rapid evolution of mammals. Which model of evolution best describes this occurrence?

• Gradualism

• Punctuated Equilibrium

• Adaptive Radiation

• Convergent Evolution

Punctuate can mean "to interrupt from time to time." How does this meaning apply to punctuated equilibrium?

Do you think human evolution occurred gradually or in punctuated bursts? Explain your reasoning.

Explain how the following analogy relates to gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Evolutionary changes can occur in baby steps or in leaps and bounds.

Divergent evolution can also be called adaptive radiation. In terms of evolution, radiation refers to organisms radiating out into new habitats and niches. Why is this term an acceptable substitute for this pattern of evolution?

There are over 2000 species of fireflies that are isolated based on the pattern of flashes they produce to attract mates. Which type of reproductive isolation is this an example of?

• Temporal Isolation

• Behavioral Isolation

• Geographical Isolation

• Mechanical Isolation

Are the shells of turtles and hermit crabs examples of convergent or divergent evolution?

• Convergent Evolution

• Divergent Evolution

How are convergent evolution and parallel evolution similar? How are they different?

Why do you think coevolution is sometimes referred to as an evolutionary arms race? Provide an example to explain your reasoning.