Chapter 2 Immunity

What is the body's response to stress in terms of the immune system?

• It strengthens the immune response.

• It has no effect on the immune system.

• It weakens the immune response.

• It causes the immune system to overreact.

What does immunodeficiency refer to?

• An overactive immune system

• A weakened immune system

• A normal immune response

• An allergic reaction

What is one way to protect our body from harm?

• Exposure to environmental toxins

• Lack of sleep

• Handwashing

• Ignoring skin care

Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome involves the body's attempt to adapt and normalize vital signs?

• Alarm

• Resistance

• Exhaustion

• Recovery

What is meant by "local adaptation" in the context of stress?

• A general response of the entire body

• A specific area of the body adapting to stress

• A mental adaptation to stress

• An emotional response to stress

What role does the skin play in the body's first line of defense?

• It produces antibodies to fight pathogens.

• It acts as a mechanical barrier, preventing pathogen entry.

• It releases white blood cells to destroy pathogens.

• It traps pathogens with mucus.

How do mucous membranes contribute to the body's defense system?

• They produce antibodies.

• They line various tracts and trap pathogens with mucus.

• They destroy bacterial cell walls with enzymes.

• They expel pathogens with cilia.

What is the function of secretions like saliva and tears in the immune system?

• They act as a mechanical barrier.

• They contain enzymes like lysozyme, which destroy bacterial cell walls and pathogens.

• They trap pathogens with mucus.

• They expel pathogens with cilia.

What role do cilia play in the respiratory tract?

• They produce antibodies.

• They act as a mechanical barrier.

• They help expel trapped pathogens.

• They destroy bacterial cell walls with enzymes.

Which of the following is a component of innate immunity that provides an immediate response to invaders?

• Antibodies

• Skin and mucous membranes

• Memory cells

• Vaccines