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compound

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is defined as being made up or consisting of two or more existing parts or elements.

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semicolons

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are used between independent clauses that are closely related in thought and are not joined by a coordinating conjunction.

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semicolons

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are used (rather than commas) before coordinating conjunctions to join independent clauses that contain commas.

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semicolons

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are used between items in a series if the items contain commas.

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colons

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are used to mean 'note what follows.'

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italics

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are used for the names of trains, ships, aircraft, and spacecraft.

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italics

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are used for words, letters, symbols, and numerals referred to as such and for foreign words that have not been adopted into English.

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quotation marks

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are used to enclose a direct quotation a person's exact words.

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commas and periods

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are always placed inside closing quotation marks.

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semicolons and colons

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are always placed outside closing quotation marks.