Enlightenment Thinkers

What is the social contract theory developed by Thomas Hobbes?

• Individuals surrender freedoms to a sovereign in exchange for order

• Individuals keep all freedoms and have no government

• The government gives up power to the people

• People are naturally cooperative and peaceful

According to Thomas Hobbes, human nature is ______ and selfish—without government, life would be 'nasty, brutish, and short.'

• brutal

• generous

• peaceful

• compassionate

Thomas Hobbes advocated for a strong central authority to prevent anarchy.

• True

• False

According to John Locke, what are the natural rights that individuals are born with?

• A) Life, liberty, and property

• B) Freedom of speech, religion, and press

• C) Equality, fraternity, and justice

• D) Wealth, power, and fame

John Locke argued that if the government fails to protect people's rights, what do the people have the right to do?

• Replace the government

• Obey the government without question

• Move to another country

• Ignore the issue

John Locke promoted religious tolerance and influenced the U.S. Declaration of Independence.

• True

• False

Montesquieu advocated __________, which means government limited by laws and balanced powers.

• constitutionalism

• absolutism

• anarchism

• totalitarianism

According to Montesquieu, liberty is best preserved when power is:

• Concentrated in one branch

• Checked and distributed

• Ignored

• Unlimited

Montesquieu grounded political liberty in a rational, ordered view of __________.

• human nature

• divine law

• economic systems

• technological progress

David Hume questioned certainty in ________, miracles, and traditional metaphysics.

• causation

• perception

• logic

• emotion