The FIrst Crusade

In the 11th century, a powerful new force emerged from central Asia and converted to Sunni Islam. They were the _______ and threatened the existence of empire of the Christian Byzantines.

• Mongol Empire
• Seljuk Turks
• Visigoths
• Ottoman Turks
• Crusaders

In 1095, Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus wrote to ____ ____ making a desperate appeal for military aid from his his fellow Christians in the west.

• King Richard I
• Pope Urban II
• Pope Gregory I
• Emperor Constantine
• Pope Leo III

The Pope saw the Byzantine's Emperor's appeal as an opportunity to heal the rift that had emerged between the Western and Eastern churches in the _______.

• Great Schism
• Eastern Orthodox Reformation
• Papal Schism
• First Crusade
• Council of Nicaea

A French priest, known as Peter the Hermit, became the leader of the so-called ________ . The participants of this movement are known for having attacked local Jewish communities in the Rhineland (western Germany); slaughtering more than 5,000 men, women, children.

• Crusade of the Poor
• Knight's Crusade
• Crusade of the Faithful
• Pilgrimage of the Commoners
• People's Crusade

The People's Crusade was ill prepared and unorganized. They ran out of money and food on their way to Constantinople and attacked and looted Christian settlements in _______.

• Hungry

• North Africa

• Italy

• Russia

• Persia

When the 20 to 40 thousand men, women, and children of the People's Crusade reached Constantinople, the Byzantine emperor quickly had them ferried to ______. where they were soon ambushed and slaughtered by the Turks

• Damascus
• Antioch
• Cappadocia
• Anatolia

• Jerusalem

After the disastrous "People's Crusade", a giant Christian Crusader force under the command of various princes and second sons of the nobility arrived in the Byzantine city and capital of _______ in 1096, This was the largest European army that has ever been assembled since Roman times. This was known as the Prince's crusade /the First Crusade.

• Athens
• Jerusalem
• Rome
• Antioch
• Constantinople

Emperor Alexius and the Byzantines provided supplies to the Christians of the '_____' (also known as the Princes Crusade) and ferried them across the Bosporus sea and into Anatolia. In exchange, the Crusaders swore oaths of fealty and promised to give the land that they captured.

• Fourth Crusade
• Fifth Crusade
• Third Crusade
• First Crusade
• Second Crusade

The Crusaders' first success came at Nicaea, which fell after a six week siege. But the city surrendered to the ______ forces, cheating the Crusaders, as they saw it, of their rightful plunder, which caused further strain between the Crusaders and their (former) allies.

• Arab
• Byzantine
• Ottoman
• Seljuk
• Mamluk

With the support of Armenian Christians, the Crusader leader, Baldwin of Boulogne, was invited to be the Count of _____, i.e. the ruler of first Crusader State in 1097.

• Edessa
• Tripoli
• Antioch
• Jerusalem
• Acre