Formative #3: African History

The purpose of the Pan-African movement in Kenya and Nigeria was to...

• Create a new African country
• Unite an individual African country for independence
• Unite all of Africa for independence
• create a new African continent

Use the context clues in the text below about an important South African that worked to end apartheid, and choose which person is being described. • Became a lawyer and defended black Africans arrested for breaking apartheid laws • Admired Gandhi and urged the ANC to use non-violent protests (at first) • Was arrested, found guilty, sentenced to life, and sent to Robben Island • Jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 • Became South Africa’s first black president

• Martin Luther King, Jr.
• Barack Obama
• F.W. de Klerk
• Nelson Mandela

Applying what you know about South Africa’s history, choose the answer below that best summarizes why the system of apartheid ended there in the 1990s.

• Leaders realized that the policy was hurting the country’s economy and international reputation.
• The African National Congress began calling for its dismantling, and the United Nations responded.
• It had accomplished all of its goals by that time.
• It never succeeded in segregating Africans from whites.

Use the context clues in the text below about an important South African that worked to end apartheid, and choose which person is being described. • Became president of South Africa in 1989 and immediately started to repeal apartheid laws • Ordered the release of many black South Africans who were imprisoned for opposing apartheid law • Jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993

• Jomo Kenyatta
• Nelson Mandela
• F.W. de Klerk
• Desmond TuTu

Which of the following is NOT a cause for the Scramble for Africa?

• The need for raw materials to fuel the industrial revolution
• Political rivalry between European nations
• The spread of Islam
• Trading routes due to Africa's geographical position

The 19th century was a time of great industrialization in Europe and these new factories required raw materials that could be manufactured into marketable products. Which reason for the “Scramble for Africa” would this be considered?

• Political
• Geographic
• Economic
• Religious

Which two countries were NOT colonized by Europe?

• Liberia and Ethiopia
• Ethiopia and Nigeria
• Liberia and Kenya
• Kenya and South Africa

Many Europeans did all the following as they colonized Africa EXCEPT

• Forced European culture on the African people
• Treated African people with respect and dignity
• Made African people work under terrible conditions on plantations and building railways
• Caused starvation because of growing cash crops

Because of the artificial political boundaries set by European colonizers, modern African nations had difficulty establishing stable __________.

• Government
• Marriages
• Religion
• Traditions

How is this map related to African issues in the mid-to-late-20th century?

• The divisions led to an end of the fledgling "Pan-African" unity movement.
• The divisions led to ethnic conflicts following the independence of many African countries.
• The divisions led to a new beginning of trade to control the new areas.
• Nationalist movements resulted in strengthening of colonial power throughout the continent.