AP Biology Topic 1.5 Lipids

What is the role of cholesterol in cell membranes?

• Cholesterol helps to stabilize cell membranes and maintain their fluidity.

• Cholesterol is primarily responsible for energy production in cells.

• Cholesterol acts as a barrier to prevent toxins from entering the cell.

• Cholesterol is involved in the synthesis of proteins within the cell.

What is a dehydration reaction in the context of lipids?

• A reaction that adds water to form bonds between lipids.

• A reaction that removes water to form bonds, such as when fatty acids are added to glycerol to form triglycerides.

• A reaction that breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

• A reaction that converts triglycerides into phospholipids by adding water.

What are lipids?

• A group of hydrophobic organic molecules including fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.

• A type of carbohydrate that provides energy to the body.

• A category of proteins that help in muscle building.

• A form of nucleic acid that stores genetic information.

What are the main functions of lipids?

• Lipids are primarily used for protein synthesis.

• Lipids store energy, provide insulation, make up cell membranes, and serve as signaling molecules.

• Lipids are involved in the digestion of carbohydrates.

• Lipids are mainly responsible for the transport of oxygen in the blood.

What is the primary function of triglycerides?

• To serve as a source of energy storage in the body.

• To transport oxygen in the blood.

• To act as a structural component of cell membranes.

• To regulate body temperature.

What role do lipids play in cell membranes?

• They provide energy for cellular processes.

• They form the bilayer structure of cell membranes, providing a barrier and facilitating cell signaling.

• They act as enzymes to speed up chemical reactions.

• They store genetic information.

What is a wax?

• Waxes are short-chain fatty acids esterified to short-chain alcohols.

• Waxes are long-chain fatty acids esterified to long-chain alcohols, providing waterproofing and protection.

• Waxes are a type of protein found in animal tissues.

• Waxes are synthetic compounds used in cosmetics.

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

• Saturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have no double bonds.

• Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds.

• Saturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature, while unsaturated fatty acids are solid.

• Saturated fatty acids are found only in plant oils, while unsaturated fatty acids are found in animal fats.

What is a phospholipid?

• A type of carbohydrate that provides energy to cells.

• A type of lipid that consists of two fatty acids, a glycerol backbone, and a phosphate group, making it amphipathic.

• A protein that helps in the transport of molecules across cell membranes.

• A nucleic acid that stores genetic information.

How do lipids contribute to insulation in the body?

• Lipids provide insulation by forming a layer of fat beneath the skin, helping to maintain body temperature.

• Lipids are primarily used for energy storage and do not contribute to insulation.

• Lipids help in the absorption of vitamins but do not provide insulation.

• Lipids form cell membranes and are not involved in temperature regulation.