AP Psychology Unit 1 Vocabulary Quiz #2

Depolarization

• Phase of action potential where the inside of the neuron becomes less negative due to the influx of positively charged ions, such as sodium ions.

• Phase of action potential where the inside of the neuron becomes more negative due to the efflux of potassium ions.

• Phase of action potential where the neuron is at rest and no ions are moving across the membrane.

• Phase of action potential where the neuron is hyperpolarized and cannot fire an action potential.

Action Potential

• Brief electrical impulse that travels along the axon of a neuron.

• A chemical signal that transmits information between neurons.

• A type of neurotransmitter released during synaptic transmission.

• A process that occurs only in the dendrites of a neuron.

All-or-Nothing Principle

• States that once a neuron reaches its threshold of excitation, it will fire an action potential at full strength.

• Indicates that neurons can fire at varying strengths depending on the stimulus.

• Suggests that neurons can only fire if they receive a continuous signal.

• Implies that all neurons fire simultaneously regardless of the stimulus.

Somatic Nervous System

• Division of the peripheral nervous system responsible for controlling voluntary movements and relaying sensory information from the body to the central nervous system.

• Part of the central nervous system that regulates involuntary actions.

• System that connects the brain to the spinal cord only.

• Network responsible for processing emotions and memory.

Resting Potential

• The stable, negative electrical charge that exists across the cell membrane of a neuron when it is not actively transmitting signals.

• The process by which a neuron sends an electrical signal down its axon.

• The temporary change in electrical potential that occurs when a neuron is activated.

• The ability of a neuron to recover after firing an action potential.

Interneurons

• Nerve cells that serve as connectors within the central nervous system, relaying signals between sensory neurons and motor neurons.

• Cells that transmit signals from the brain to the muscles.

• Sensory neurons that detect external stimuli.

• Motor neurons that initiate movement in response to stimuli.

Autonomic Nervous System

• Division of the central nervous system that controls voluntary movements.

• Division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary bodily functions.

• Part of the brain responsible for conscious thought and decision making.

• System that manages sensory information and reflex actions.

Peripheral Nervous System

• Consists of all the nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord.

• Is responsible for processing sensory information and coordinating responses.

• Includes only the cranial nerves and spinal nerves.

• Is part of the central nervous system along with the brain and spinal cord.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

• Chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.

• A viral infection that primarily affects the respiratory system.

• A genetic disorder that causes muscle degeneration.

• An inflammatory condition that affects the skin and joints.

Sympathetic Nervous System

• Responsible for activating the body's 'fight or flight' response in times of stress or danger.

• Regulates the body's rest and digest functions.

• Controls voluntary muscle movements.

• Manages the body's energy expenditure during sleep.