Unit 2 Test The industrial Revolution

How did the spread of railroads after the Civil War contribute to the Second Industrial Revolution?

• A. Railroads led urban workers to migrate to rural farms.

• B. Railroads stimulated steamship travel along America’s inland rivers.

• C. Railroads caused cotton and rice production to move to the Pacific Northwest.

• D. Railroads encouraged the growth of cities and the creation of a national market.

Based on the excerpt which law did Congress pass to prevent abuses arising from business arrangements such as the one above?

• Homestead Act

• Sherman Antitrust Act

• Pure Food and Drug Act

• Interstate Commerce Act

The table below shows the number of patents granted by the U.S. Patent office in two different decades. Number of U.S. Patents 1840 - 1850: 6,480 1890 - 1900: 221,000 Which conclusion can be drawn from this table?

• The pace of technological progress in the Second Industrial Revolution was faster than in the First.

• The number of patents granted does not provide a good indicator of technological change.

• The United States fell behind its foreign competitors in the number of new inventions.

• Inventions in the years 1840-1850 were more important than those in later decades.

How were the First and Second Industrial Revolutions similar?

• Both depended on skilled craftsmen to produce most goods.

• Both were primarily focused on increasing textile production.

• Both relied on animal power to drive manufacturing machinery.

• Both led to innovations in the ways in which goods were produced.

According to the cartoon, what concern did the artist have about big businesses like Standard Oil?

• They operated fairly and supported small businesses.

• They had too much influence and power over the economy.

• They were struggling to compete with foreign companies.

• They were highly respected by labor unions and workers.

How did the growth of the steel industry affect the U.S. economy?

• Steel replaced wood, plastic and glass in most everyday household goods.

• The United States became dependent on foreign suppliers to obtain more steel.

• Cheaper steel made it possible to build more railroads, bridges, ships and buildings.

• Steel workers organized into labor unions and received higher wages after a series of successful strikes.

Which argument would a critic of big business most likely have raised during the Second Industrial Revolution?

• Big business owners often give back to society through acts of philanthropy.

• Big businesses are less likely to adopt new technologies than small businesses.

• Big businesses mistreat workers and consumers because they hold too much power.

• Big businesses may act unfairly, but government officials must not violate their laissez faire principles.

Based on the chart, which conclusion can be made about innovation during the Industrial Revolution?

• A. People of diverse backgrounds were able to contribute new inventions.

• B. The most important inventions for the Second Industrial Revolution were developed overseas.

• C. By the time of the Second Industrial Revolution, most inventions were made by scientists in university settings.

• D. Because of racial discrimination, African Americans were unable to play a significant role in the Second Industrial Revolution.

Why did many people move into cities in late nineteenth-century America?

• to obtain jobs in manufacturing, transportation or services

• to receive free benefits from government officials

• to participate more actively in local politics

• to flee religious persecution in rural areas

Which factor contributed to the shift in population shown on the graph?

• Not enough families took advantage of the Homestead Act.

• Houses in cities were less expensive than those in the countryside.

• New jobs in industry attracted farmers and farm laborers to cities.

• The Great Plains Indians left their reservations to buy new farmland.