Roman Republic and Empire Notes

The lasting achievements of Rome and the factors that led to the downfall of the Republic and the Empire include:

• Roman law, engineering, and the spread of Christianity; internal corruption and external invasions

• The invention of gunpowder and the steam engine; peaceful transitions of power

• The discovery of electricity and the printing press; strong central leadership

• Roman law, engineering, and the spread of Buddhism; economic prosperity and military expansion

The city of Rome was a good location because:

• it was built on hills and near a river, providing protection and resources.

• it was located in a desert, making it hard to invade.

• it was far from any water sources, making it safe from floods.

• it was surrounded by mountains on all sides, making it isolated.

What was Rome’s government? In 509 BCE, the Romans overthrew the last Etruscan king and established a _______.

• republic

• monarchy

• empire

• dictatorship

Define the term 'Republic'.

• A republic is a form of government in which citizens can vote for, or elect, leaders to make decisions for them. People have a say in government, unlike a monarchy.

• A republic is a form of government where a king or queen rules for life.

• A republic is a system where only the military makes all decisions.

• A republic is a government where leaders are chosen by inheritance.

In a republic, who has the power to elect leaders to make decisions for them?

• Citizens

• Kings

• Nobles

• Priests

A republic is different from a monarchy because in a republic, people have a say in government.

• True

• False

Define the term 'Citizen'.

• A member of a state or country who has both rights and responsibilities.

• A person who visits a country for a short period of time.

• A person who works for the government but has no rights.

• A person who lives in a country without any legal status.

A Monarchy is a form of government where __________ has all the power and is not elected.

• one person, a king or queen

• the people

• a group of elected officials

• a president

According to the social hierarchy in the Roman Republic, which group had the most power and consisted of wealthy landowners?

• A) Patricians

• B) Plebeians

• C) Slaves

In the Roman Republic, which group made up about 90% of the citizens and included farmers, craftsmen, and merchants?

• A) Patricians

• B) Plebeians

• C) Slaves