Chapter 19 Test

Philosophers, beginning in the mid-1500s, began to use ________ as the best way to understand truth.

• Science

• Math

• Reason

• Salons

In his book, Leviathan, this author viewed people as basically selfish and greedy and were in need of an absolute, all-powerful monarch.

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Jean Jacques Rousseau

• Johannes Kepler

Montesquieu, a French philosopher, argued that the best form of government included

• An absolute monarch

• A separation of powers

• A combination of church and state

• Courts that created laws for the government

John Locke’s philosophy stated that a government’s power was limited

• by a strong monarch

• by laws

• by a supreme court

• by strong rulers

Which of the following writers described life in nature as “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”?

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• William and Mary

• Samuel Pepys

American colonists objected to the Stamp Act because

• they resented being forced to serve in the British army during the French and Indian War

• the Act restricted colonists’ trade

• Americans thought stamps were necessary

• they objected to taxes levied by the British Parliament without representation

During the Boston Tea Party, the Sons of Liberty dumped tea into Boston Harbor to

• protest the tax on tea

• raise money to fight the War for Independence

• get back at Boston merchants

• protest the Intolerable Acts

Rousseau’s political theory included the idea that

• labor is the least important element of property.

• a person has no right to the product of his or her labor.

• men and women are equal.

• the government’s role is to protect the rights of the people.

What American document was an expression of Enlightenment political philosophy?

• the Magna Carta

• the Constitution

• the Treaty of Paris

• the Declaration of Independence

Which of the following was written by Denis Diderot in order to promote knowledge?

• the Encyclopedia

• Candide

• Leviathan

• Two Treatises on Government