1.4 Changing Economy & Society

Which U.S. region began to industrialize (begin factory production) in the early 19th century?

• South

• West

• Northeast

• Midwest

Which invention by Eli Whitney in 1793 made cotton production more profitable?

• Steam engine

• Telegraph

• Spinning jenny

• Cotton gin

By 1820, about how many enslaved people lived in the United States?

• 500,000

• 1 million

• 1.5 million

• 3 million

By 1804 many states in the north had done what?

• Expanded slavery
• Abolished slavery
• Increased taxes
• Established new colonies

What does the term “market revolution” mean?

• Farmers moving to cities

• People buy and sell goods rather than make them

• The government controls trade

• Expansion of slavery

What does “free enterprise” mean?

• Government controls all businesses

• Factories owned by the public

• Farmers sell directly to Europe

• Private businesses operate for profit

Who invented the telegraph in 1837?

• Eli Whitney

• Robert Fulton

• Samuel F. B. Morse

• John Deere

What was one effect of the market revolution on manufactured goods?

• Prices rose sharply

• Goods disappeared from markets

• Goods became cheaper and more available

• Farmers stopped producing crops

What crop remained dominant in the South during the early 1800s?

• Sugarcane
• Tobacco
• Cotton
• Rice

What was one effect of new machines in factories?

• More skilled artisans were hired

• Unskilled workers could do jobs once done by artisans

• Families worked more at home

• Factories became unnecessary