Unit 1 AP Biology Review

What type of bond is found WITHIN water molecules?

• Covalent

• Hydrogen

• Ionic

• Van der Waals

Answer explanation

The correct answer is covalent bonds, which are formed when atoms share electrons. In water (H2O), each hydrogen atom shares electrons with the oxygen atom, creating strong covalent bonds within the molecule.

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Topic 1

Water property responsible for lake life surviving winter

• Adhesion and Cohesion

• Less dense as a solid

• Specific Heat

• Surface Tension

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'Less dense as a solid' because ice floats on water, insulating the lake below and allowing aquatic life to survive winter. This unique property of water prevents lakes from freezing solid.

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Topic 1

Which of the following macromolecules include nitrogen?

• Carbohydrates and Lipids

• Lipids and Nucleic Acids

• Nucleic Acids and Proteins

• Proteins and Carbohydrates

Answer explanation

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and proteins are the macromolecules that contain nitrogen. Carbohydrates and lipids do not include nitrogen in their structures.

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Topic 3

What property of water is responsible for skipping rocks on a pond?

• Adhesion

• Cohesion

• Evaporative Cooling

• Less Dense as a Solid

Answer explanation

Cohesion is the property of water that allows molecules to stick together. This creates a surface tension on the pond, enabling rocks to skip across the water instead of sinking.

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Topic 1

Which side chain of amino acids would fold inward?

• Charged

• Hydrophilic

• Hydrophobic

Answer explanation

Hydrophobic side chains of amino acids are nonpolar and tend to fold inward to avoid water, stabilizing the protein structure. In contrast, charged and hydrophilic side chains are more likely to be found on the surface, interacting with water.

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Topic 7

How many hydrogen bonds exist between A & T?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Answer explanation

Adenine (A) and Thymine (T) form 2 hydrogen bonds in DNA base pairing. This specific pairing is crucial for the stability of the DNA double helix structure.

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Topic 6

Traditionally, how are the strands different?

• DNA = single; RNA = double

• DNA = single; RNA = triple

• DNA = double; RNA = single

• DNA = triple; RNA = single

Answer explanation

DNA is typically double-stranded, forming a double helix structure, while RNA is usually single-stranded. Therefore, the correct distinction is DNA = double; RNA = single.

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Topic 6

DNA and RNA differ in their sugar and a nitrogenous base. DNA has...

• Deoxyribose; Thymine

• Deoxyribose; Uracil

• Ribose; Thymine

• Ribose; Uracil

Answer explanation

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous base thymine, while RNA contains ribose and uracil. Therefore, the correct choice is Deoxyribose; Thymine.

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Topic 6

Which of the following is the monomer of nucleic acids?

• Amino Acid

• Fatty Acid

• Monosaccharide

• Nucleotide

Answer explanation

The monomer of nucleic acids is a nucleotide, which consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Amino acids are for proteins, fatty acids for lipids, and monosaccharides for carbohydrates.

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Topic 6

Which of the following macromolecules has sulfur?

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• Nucleic Acid

• Protein

Answer explanation

Proteins are the only macromolecules among the options that contain sulfur. Sulfur is found in certain amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins, making them unique in this regard.

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Topic 7