Practice of Unit Test #2 - Anatomy & Physiology (09/19/2025)

Which skeletal function explains blood cell production?

• Support of the body
• Fat storage in marrow
• Calcium balance in tissues
• Hematopoiesis

The shaft of a long bone is called the:

• Epiphysis
• Diaphysis
• Metaphysis
• Medullary cavity

Which marrow produces red and white blood cells?

• Yellow marrow
• Red marrow
• Compact marrow
• Trabecular marrow

Which structure provides osteoprogenitor cells during bone healing?

• Periosteum
• Endosteum
• Trabeculae
• Articular cartilage

Which bone type has compact bone outside and spongy bone inside?

• Long bone with a shaft and ends
• Flat bone with compact–spongy layers
• Irregular bone with complex surfaces
• Short bone with little marrow

Why are vertebrae especially vulnerable to osteoporosis?

• They are irregular bones with high spongy content
• They are long bones with strong compact walls
• They are flat bones with less marrow tissue
• They are covered only by periosteum

What would happen if a bone lacked a nutrient foramen?

• Tendons could not attach to the periosteum
• Blood vessels and nerves could not enter
• Cartilage could not grow on the surface
• Collagen could not provide tensile strength

Why does spongy bone loss increase fracture risk even when compact bone is intact?

• Spongy bone stores most calcium and fat
• Trabeculae absorb stress and protect joints
• Compact bone remodels faster than spongy
• Spongy bone attaches ligaments and tendons

What is the purpose of collagen fibers running in alternating directions in lamellae?

• To store minerals in the matrix
• To allow blood to pass through
• To resist stress from many angles
• To create marrow cavities

Why is the epiphyseal plate less stable in children?

• Yellow marrow has not fully formed
• More cartilage is still present in the plate
• Compact bone is not fully mineralized
• Articular cartilage is still developing