Manufacturing Subjective _2

Explain the principle of sand casting and discuss the role of pattern allowances in detail.

Compare expendable mold casting and permanent mold casting with suitable examples.

Discuss the significance of gating and riser systems in casting. Why is the sprue tapered in a downward direction?

Differentiate between fusion welding and solid-state welding processes with examples.

Compare arc welding, resistance welding, and friction stir welding in terms of process, applications, and limitations.

What is electroslag welding? Explain its working principle?

Write short notes on:

• Hot tearing

• Cold shuts

• Misruns

Explain the function of flux and electrodes in welding operations.

Discuss the advantages and limitations of welding compared to casting.