U.S. History 1st 9 Weeks Interactive Study Guide – Answer Key

What were the main goals of the Dawes Act?

• To assimilate Native Americans into U.S. culture by dividing tribal lands into individual allotments.

• To grant full independence to Native American tribes.

• To establish new reservations for Native Americans in the western territories.

• To encourage Native Americans to form their own separate government.

Name a major labor union and one goal:

• Knights of Labor – 8-hour workday; or American Federation of Labor – better wages and working conditions.

• United States Steel Corporation – increase steel prices.

• Standard Oil Trust – expand oil monopolies.

• Pullman Company – reduce worker pay.

What problems did farmers face in the late 1800s?

• Falling crop prices, high railroad rates, debt, drought.

• Abundant rainfall, low railroad rates, high crop prices, no debt.

• Government subsidies, easy access to credit, surplus labor, stable markets.

• Rapid industrialization, urbanization, technological unemployment, high wages.

What role did entrepreneurs like Carnegie and Rockefeller play in U.S. industrialization?

• They were industrial leaders who built steel (Carnegie) and oil (Rockefeller) empires and pioneered vertical/horizontal integration.

• They were political leaders who opposed industrialization and promoted agriculture.

• They were inventors who created new technologies but did not own large businesses.

• They were labor union leaders who fought against big business owners.

What is a recall in the context of Progressive Era reforms?

• Citizens remove elected officials before term ends.

• Citizens vote to approve new laws.

• Government investigates business practices.

• Courts overturn legislative decisions.

What right did the 19th Amendment grant?

• Women’s suffrage

• Freedom of speech

• Abolition of slavery

• Right to bear arms

What was the effect of the Chinese Exclusion Act?

• Limited Chinese immigration

• Increased Chinese immigration

• Granted citizenship to all Chinese immigrants

• Encouraged Chinese settlement in the West

What was the effect of nativism in the United States?

• Led to immigration quotas, discrimination, and support for groups like the KKK.

• Increased support for open borders and multiculturalism.

• Encouraged the abolition of all immigration laws.

• Resulted in the immediate granting of citizenship to all immigrants.

What was the Scopes Trial about?

• Teacher John Scopes was tried for teaching evolution in Tennessee — debate over science vs. religion.

• A famous bank robbery in Tennessee involving John Scopes.

• A landmark case about women's voting rights in Tennessee.

• A trial about prohibition laws and alcohol smuggling in Tennessee.

What changes occurred for women in the 1920s?

• Greater independence, 'flappers,' more women in workforce, voting after 19th Amendment.

• Women lost the right to vote and were forced to leave the workforce.

• Women were required to wear traditional clothing and could not attend school.

• Women gained no new rights or freedoms during the 1920s.