Protein Synthesis and Genetic Code

How do genes primarily influence an organism's traits?

• By directly forming the physical structures of traits.

• By coding for proteins that contribute to the trait's expression.

• By storing energy for cellular processes.

• By regulating cell division and growth.

Which of the following is a crucial function of proteins in living organisms?

• Storing genetic information.

• Providing long-term energy storage.

• Acting as enzymes and structural components.

• Forming the primary component of cell walls.

What is a key difference between DNA and RNA?

• DNA is generally single-stranded, while RNA is double-stranded.

• DNA contains ribose sugar, while RNA contains deoxyribose sugar.

• DNA contains the base thymine, while RNA contains uracil.

• DNA is found only in the nucleus, while RNA is found only in the cytoplasm.

What are the two main sequential steps involved in protein synthesis?

• Replication and Mutation

• Transcription and Translation

• Mitosis and Meiosis

• Photosynthesis and Respiration

In eukaryotic cells, where does the process of transcription primarily occur?

• Cytoplasm

• Ribosome

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

What are the building blocks of proteins?

• Sugars

• Fats

• Amino Acids

• Nucleic Acids

What is the primary function of tRNA during protein synthesis?

• To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

• To form the structural components of ribosomes

• To deliver specific amino acids to the ribosome

• To break down proteins into individual amino acids

What is a codon?

• A single base on an mRNA molecule

• A sequence of three bases on an mRNA molecule

• A type of amino acid

• A bond that links amino acids together

Which amino acid is typically the first in a protein chain and is coded by the AUG codon?

• Valine

• Arginine

• Methionine

• Proline

What type of bond connects individual amino acids to form a protein chain?

• Hydrogen bond

• Ionic bond

• Peptide bond

• Covalent bond