Virus Review

Which of the following best describes the basic structure of a virus?

• A cell with a nucleus and mitochondria

• Genetic material surrounded by a protein coat

• A single-celled organism with a cell wall

• A multicellular organism

What is the main function of a vaccine?

• To kill viruses directly

• To build antibodies in the immune system to recognize and fight specific viruses

• To provide nutrients to cells

• To reproduce viruses

Which of the following is NOT a component of a typical virus?

• Capsid

• Ribosome

• Genetic material

• Envelope (in some viruses)

What is the primary difference between a virus and a cell?

• Viruses can reproduce on their own, cells cannot

• Cells have organelles, viruses do not

• Viruses have a cell wall, cells do not

• Cells cannot carry out metabolism

Which process describes how viruses reproduce?

• Binary fission

• Mitosis

• Using host cell machinery to replicate

• Budding from the cell membrane

Which of the following best describes the lytic cycle?

• Viral DNA integrates into the host genome and remains dormant

• Virus immediately takes over the host cell and causes it to burst

• Host cell divides normally

• Virus is destroyed by the immune system

Which statement correctly compares the lytic and lysogenic cycles?

• Both cycles result in immediate destruction of the host cell

• The lytic cycle leads to rapid cell lysis, while the lysogenic cycle can remain dormant

• The lysogenic cycle never leads to cell death

• The lytic cycle involves integration into the host genome

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms?

• They have DNA or RNA

• They can mutate

• They cannot reproduce independently

• They have a protein coat

Given a diagram of a virus and a cell, how would you distinguish between the two based on their structures?

• Identify the presence of a nucleus and organelles in the cell, and a protein coat in the virus

• Look for a cell wall in both

• Check for mitochondria in the virus

• Find ribosomes in the virus

If a virus enters a host cell and its genetic material integrates into the host DNA without immediately destroying the cell, which cycle is occurring?

• Lytic cycle

• Lysogenic cycle

• Binary fission

• Budding