Inv1 Exam Review: Biomolecules and Cells

Nucleic acids store (a)   . If a change occurs in RNA or DNA, (b)   could be disrupted.

• proteins
• cell division
• chemical energy
• energy production
• protein production
• genetic information
• amino acids

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which statements relate the importance of lipids to the structure and function of a cell? Select all that apply.

• Lipids can be used by cells to store energy.

• Lipids control the rate of reactions in the cell.

• The hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of lipids form a protective bilayer in the cell membrane.

• The diversity of R groups in lipids help the biomolecule control chemical reactions in the cell.

• Certain lipids can serve as chemical messengers for the cell.

What would be a likely result of a reduction in the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in a red blood cell?

• The reaction rate between carbon dioxide and water would increase.

• The amounts of water and carbon dioxide would decrease.

• The reaction rate between carbon dioxide and water would decrease.

• The activation energy needed to produce carbonic acid would decrease.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

If an enzyme is in an environment that is above its optimal temperature, the ​ (a)   change(s), resulting in a ​ (b)   in the rate of chemical reactions. This will likely cause the cell’s processes to ​ (c)   .

• protein structure
• decrease
• slow down
• chemical composition
• increase
• speed up
• stay the same
• pH levels
• activation energy

What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

• Enzymes decrease the activation energy needed for the reaction to take place by breaking the bonds holding the active site of the reactants together.

• Enzymes increase the activation energy needed for the reaction to take place by releasing the product needed to join the substrates to each other.

• Enzymes increase the activation energy needed for the reaction to take place by binding to the products and releasing excess energy.

• Enzymes decrease the activation energy needed for the reaction to take place by providing an active site for the substrate to bind to and convert into products.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

What is one way a protein receptor affects the functioning of a cell?

• Protein receptors bind to other cells in the body to form a temporary connection; pieces of DNA can pass through this connection, allowing genetic information to be shared between cells.

• Protein receptors help the cell perform osmosis by actively transporting water molecules; this is necessary because water molecules cannot easily diffuse through the hydrophobic region of the cell membrane's lipid bilayer.

• Protein receptors help the cell perform endocytosis by binding to proteins and molecules outside the cell; this triggers a response that causes the cell membrane to take substances into the cell.

• Protein receptors help the cell obtain necessary materials by leaving the cell and binding to molecules; the receptors then carry the attached molecules back through the cell membrane into the cell.

A researcher collects two specimens from a sample of pond water and takes them back to the lab, where they are prepared and placed under a microscope, as shown in the diagram. Which types of organisms are A and B? Select all that apply.

• Organism A is a eukaryote because its genetic material is enclosed in a nucleus.

• Organism B is a prokaryote because its DNA is not surrounded by a cell membrane.

• Organism A is a prokaryote because it has a chloroplast for converting energy.

• Organism B is a eukaryote because it has a cell membrane and a cell wall.

• Organism A is a prokaryote because it reacts to stimuli using a photoreceptor.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

A scientist studies the transport of substances across the membranes of red blood cells. She is able to determine the concentrations of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), glucose, and carbon dioxide (CO2) inside and outside the cell. These concentrations are shown in the diagram. Choose the option that identifies the correct transport processes, in order from 1-3.

• Facilitated diffusion; active transport; simple diffusion

• Active transport; simple diffusion; facilitated diffusion

• Simple diffusion; active transport; facilitated diffusion

• Facilitated diffusion; simple diffusion; active transport

A researcher examines two organisms under a microscope and records observations in the table. Based on the data in the table, organism X is ​ (a)   and organism Y is ​ (b)   . As such, organism X will have cells with ​ (c)   , while organism Y will have cells with ​ (d)   .

• eukaryotic
• prokaryotic
• DNA enclosed in nuclei
• DNA in the cytoplasm
• an animal cell
• DNA enclosed in ribosomes
• dead
• alive
• viruses
• DNA enclosed in viruses

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

The endosymbiotic theory explains the origin of certain organelles in eukaryotic cells, and diagrams support this theory by showing similarities between mitochondria/chloroplasts and prokaryotes. Which two features in the diagrams support the endosymbiotic theory?

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and double membranes.

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts lack any genetic material.

• Eukaryotic cells do not contain any organelles.

• Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus like eukaryotes.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1