Chapter 8 Vocabulary

body-fat distribution

• locations of fat deposits on a person’s body

• the total amount of fat in the body

• the ratio of muscle to fat in the body

• the process of losing weight through diet

metabolism

• rate at which the body uses energy to carry out basic physiological processes

• the process of breaking down food into nutrients

• the speed at which the heart pumps blood

• the amount of oxygen consumed during exercise

glucose

• simple carbohydrate and the preferred source of energy for the brain and central nervous system

• complex carbohydrate found in grains and legumes

• type of protein that aids in muscle repair

• fatty acid that is essential for hormone production

MyPlate

• A food guidance system created by the USDA that reminds people about the proportions of the five different food groups they should eat at a meal.

• A dietary supplement recommended for weight loss.

• A cooking method that emphasizes grilling and steaming foods.

• A type of exercise program designed to improve cardiovascular health.

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

• guidelines published by the USDA and HHS that provide recommendations for establishing eating patterns to promote health

• a set of rules for food marketing and advertising

• a list of foods to avoid for better health

• a program for physical exercise and fitness

obesity

• condition of excess body fat or excessive overweight

• state of being underweight

• condition of having a balanced diet

• state of being physically fit

organic

• produced without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, or other artificial chemicals

• produced using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides

• grown in any type of soil regardless of chemicals

• imported from non-organic farms

nutrients

• chemical substances that provide the nutrition essential for growth, energy, and function

• substances that are harmful to the body

• elements that are only found in plants

• compounds that reduce energy levels

genetically modified organism (GMO)

• living thing with genetic material that has been altered through genetic engineering

• an organism that has been bred for specific traits through traditional methods

• a synthetic organism created in a laboratory without any natural counterparts

• an organism that has been exposed to radiation to induce mutations

body mass index (BMI)

• A tool used to determine whether a person’s weight is healthy for that person’s height; BMI = weight (lbs)/ height (in)² × 703

• A method for calculating a person's age based on their height and weight

• A formula used to assess a person's muscle mass and body fat percentage

• A scale that measures the amount of calories burned during exercise