LVN Urologic and Glomerulonephritis Quiz

What is the most common cause of cystitis?

• Escherichia coli

• Staphylococcus aureus

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer explanation

The most common cause of cystitis is Escherichia coli, accounting for about 80-90% of cases. This bacterium is typically found in the intestines and can easily enter the urinary tract, leading to infection.

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with cystitis?

• Dysuria

• Urinary urgency

• Suprapubic discomfort

• Hypertension

Answer explanation

Hypertension is not a symptom of cystitis. Cystitis typically presents with dysuria, urinary urgency, and suprapubic discomfort, which are related to bladder inflammation.

What is a common symptom of urethritis?

• Burning during urination

• Flank pain

• High fever

• Costovertebral angle tenderness

Answer explanation

A common symptom of urethritis is burning during urination, which occurs due to inflammation of the urethra. Other options like flank pain and high fever are not typical symptoms of this condition.

Which laboratory test result indicates a UTI?

• Positive leukocyte esterase and nitrites

• Negative leukocyte esterase and nitrites

• Low white blood cell count

• High red blood cell count

Answer explanation

A UTI is indicated by a positive leukocyte esterase and nitrites in the urine, which suggest the presence of bacteria and white blood cells. The other options do not indicate a UTI.

What is the purpose of a cystoscopy?

• Detect strictures, calculi, tumors, and cystitis

• Visualize the gallbladder

• Measure blood pressure

• Assess lung function

Answer explanation

A cystoscopy is a procedure used to examine the bladder and urethra, allowing for the detection of strictures, calculi, tumors, and cystitis, making it essential for diagnosing urinary tract issues.

Which medication is used as a bladder analgesic for UTIs?

• Phenazopyridine

• Fluoroquinolones

• Nitrofurantoin

• Trimethoprim

Answer explanation

Phenazopyridine is specifically used as a bladder analgesic to relieve pain and discomfort associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs). The other options are antibiotics, not analgesics.

What is a symptom of acute pyelonephritis?

• Flank pain

• Urethral discharge

• Perineal itching

• Cloudy urine

Answer explanation

Flank pain is a key symptom of acute pyelonephritis, indicating inflammation of the kidneys. The other options, such as urethral discharge and perineal itching, are more associated with urinary tract infections.

What is a common manifestation in older adults with UTIs?

• Confusion

• Dysuria

• Suprapubic discomfort

• Urinary urgency

Answer explanation

Confusion is a common manifestation of UTIs in older adults, often due to atypical presentations. While dysuria, suprapubic discomfort, and urinary urgency are also symptoms, confusion is particularly notable in this age group.

Which imaging procedure is used to detect pyelonephritis?

• Computed tomography (CT) scan

• Ultrasonography

• Gallium scan

• Intravenous pyelogram

Answer explanation

A CT scan is the preferred imaging procedure for detecting pyelonephritis as it provides detailed images of the kidneys and urinary tract, allowing for accurate diagnosis of inflammation and infection.

What should clients with chronic cystitis avoid?

• Cranberry juice

• Drinking 8 to 10 glasses of fluid daily

• Bathing daily

• Urinating before and after intercourse

Answer explanation

Clients with chronic cystitis should avoid cranberry juice as it can irritate the bladder and worsen symptoms. Other options like staying hydrated and urinating before and after intercourse are beneficial.