benchmark

Based on this model, which statement best explains how this cellular process provides the energy an organism needs to maintain homeostasis?

• Glucose molecules are broken down, resulting in the release of energy that is captured in ATP.

• The bonds in glucose molecules are broken down, resulting in the loss of energy.

• Glucose molecules are metabolized, resulting in the storage of energy.

• The bonds of complex molecules are metabolized to form glucose.

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What happens in G1 phase?

• DNA Replication

• Cell division

• Growth and Preparation for division

• Growth

What happens in G2 phase?

• DNA Replication

• Cell division

• Growth and Preparation for division

• Growth

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

What happens in S phase?

• DNA Replication

• Cell division

• Growth and Preparation for division

• Growth

What happens in mitosis?

• DNA Replication

• Cell division

• Growth and Preparation for division

• Growth

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

When a cow eats, its food is broken down by its digestive system into smaller molecules. These molecules are the forms that make up the major molecules, each to be used for different macromolecules. There are four major types of macromolecules, each of which has a different function. One type, ________, is used to store and release energy as well as for structural support and protection.

• Proteins
• Nucleic acids

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

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Cellular respiration results in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules for energy. Select all of the substances that are produced using ATP. ATP is the most efficient form of cellular respiration.

• water

• oxygen

• glucose

• glycogen

• carbon dioxide

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

DNA is a biological polymer used for both information storage and transmission. It is made of four simple building blocks called nitrogen bases, yet these four building blocks provide the information necessary to build any and all organisms. Nucleic acids are made up of smaller subunits called nucleotides. The parts of a DNA nucleotide include deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. DNA has four nitrogen bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). In DNA, nucleotides form nucleotides and are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases. The two strands of nucleotides in the DNA follow a very certain base pairing: adenine bonds with thymine (A-T), and guanine bonds with cytosine (G-C). DNA has a start codon, or indicates the beginning of a gene. The sequence of nucleotides codes either for a particular amino acid or for a start or stop codon. During mitosis or meiosis, DNA replicates itself or makes exact copies using the specific base pairings. The DNA code is used for protein synthesis as well. The DNA code is transcribed and the DNA code is taken to the ribosome, where translation takes place and the DNA code is translated into specific proteins. This process, overall, is referred to as central dogma. Choose all of the correct statements concerning DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis.

• In the nucleus, the cell copies the DNA blueprint to mRNA during the process of transcription.

• Both DNA and RNA are composed of subunits called nucleotides.

• The DNA code is used to create proteins via the process of transport.

• To ensure genetic continuity during cellular growth and repair, DNA makes exact copies of itself through replication.

• In the DNA template, adenine always pairs with uracil.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The picture below shows an experiment testing the effect of light on photosynthesis in an aquatic plant. In this experiment, what is the name of the output that is being produced, as shown in the diagram?

• Carbon Dioxide

• Hydrogen

• Oxygen

• Water

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

Which of the following statements correctly describes the chemical energy transfer that takes place between the light-dependent reaction and the Calvin Cycle (light-independent reaction)?

• The light-reaction produces ADP and NADPH which are both used in the Calvin Cycle.

• The light-reaction produces ATP and NADPH which are both used in the Calvin Cycle.

• The light-reaction produces ATP and NADPH but only ADP is used in the Calvin Cycle.

• The light-reaction produces ADP and NADPH but only NADPH is used in the Calvin Cycle.

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