Chapter 4-Skin Disorders/Diseases

#1- All of the following are reasons cosmetologists should understand the skin’s structure and common skin problems EXCEPT __________.

• Providing skin care services requires an understanding of the skin’s structure and common skin problems.
• Recommending appropriate skin care preparations to clients requires thorough knowledge of the skin and potential disorders.
• Recognizing when salon services can be safely performed is crucial to managing a safe practice.
• Recommending medications to treat skin conditions requires an understanding of common skin disorders.

#2- What standard should be used to determine when to treat a skin condition?

• When treatment requires breaking the skin or treating an open wound the client should be referred to a healthcare provider.
• b. Only a cosmetologist with a dedicated specialization in skin care therapies should treat skin conditions.
• c. When in doubt, refer the client to a healthcare provider.
• d. A cosmetologist should only treat skin conditions in the initial stages of development; a long-term skin condition should be referred to a healthcare provider.

#3- Which sentence best describes visible differences in lesions that can be used to classify the lesion as either a primary or a secondary lesion?

• Primary lesions are a different color than the surrounding skin, whereas secondary lesions have an accumulation of material on the skin surface.
• Primary lesions are typically red or pink in color, whereas secondary lesions typically appear gray or purple in color.
• Primary lesions are closed wounds, whereas secondary lesions discharge watery fluid or pus.
• Primary lesions are flat compared to the surrounding skin, whereas secondary lesions protrude above the surface of the surrounding skin.

#4- All of the following are examples of primary lesions EXCEPT _________.

• cysts
• pustules
• ulcers
• tumors

#5- All the following are examples of secondary lesions EXCEPT _________.

• macules
• crusts
• scales
• fissures

#6- How is an ulcer an example of a secondary lesion?

• An ulcer is a lesion that is raised above the surface of the surrounding skin.
• An ulcer is an open lesion that may weep fluid or pus.
• An ulcer is a lesion that can create a critical situation for someone with an underlying medical condition.
• An ulcer has a 5-year survival rate of under 50 percent if left untreated.

#7- Which sentence best describes the difference between an open comedo and a closed comedo?

• An open comedo is a lesion from which pus has discharged onto the skin surface, whereas a closed comedo is a lesion in which pus is still contained in the lesion.
• An open comedo is a lesion with a visible opening in the skin, whereas a closed comedo is a lesion without a visible opening in the skin.
• An open comedo is a whitehead in which the sebum has been exposed to the environment, whereas a closed comedo is a blackhead in which the sebum has not been exposed to the environment.
• An open comedo is a blackhead in which the sebum has been exposed to the environment, whereas a closed comedo is a whitehead in which the sebum has not been exposed to the environment.

#8- Which sentence best defines rosacea?

• tiny benign, keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening
• a skin condition caused by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands that is often characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, stubborn dandruff, crusting, and/or itchiness
• a chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing that can progress to pustular-type breakouts
• a condition involving visible capillaries commonly found on the face, particularly around the nose, cheeks, and chin

#9- All of the following are examples of disorders of the sudoriferous glands EXCEPT

• anhidrosis
• acne vulgaris
• ayperhidrosis
• miliaria rubra

#10- Contrast the treatment you would recommend to a client for anhidrosis versus the treatment for bromhidrosis.

• Anhidrosis can be improved by using a hydrating sunscreen, whereas bromhidrosis is unaffected by UV radiation.
• Anhidrosis can be improved with a mild exfoliating treatment, whereas bromhidrosis treatment is outside the scope of a cosmetology license and requires a medical referral.
• Anhidrosis can be life threatening and should be referred to a medical professional, whereas bromhidrosis only requires a medical referral in severe cases.
• Anhidrosis can be helped by using a nonfatty skin care product, whereas bromhidrosis can be helped by exfoliation.