CLO 4 - Cell Cycle and Cell Death

What are the four main phases of the cell cycle?

• G1, S, G2, and M phases.

• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

• Interphase, Cytokinesis, Apoptosis, Necrosis.

• G0, S, M, and C phases.

What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

• DNA is replicated to prepare for division.

• Proteins are synthesized for cell growth.

• The cell divides into two daughter cells.

• Chromosomes align at the cell's equator.

What occurs during the M phase?

• Cell contents are divided between two daughter cells.

• DNA is replicated to prepare for cell division.

• The cell grows and performs normal functions.

• Chromosomes are checked for errors.

What happens during the G1 phase?

• The cell grows and prepares for DNA synthesis.

• The cell divides into two daughter cells.

• DNA is replicated.

• Chromosomes are separated into two nuclei.

What is the purpose of the G2 phase?

• To repair DNA errors before the cell divides.

• To replicate DNA for the next generation.

• To separate sister chromatids.

• To condense chromosomes for mitosis.

What is the G0 phase?

• A resting stage where cells have left the cell cycle.

• A phase where cells are actively dividing.

• A stage where DNA replication occurs.

• A phase of mitotic spindle formation.

What are mitogens?

• Signals that stimulate cell division by removing inhibitory blocks.

• Proteins that inhibit cell growth.

• Enzymes that degrade DNA.

• Hormones that stop cell division.

What are growth factors?

• Signals that promote cell growth by increasing protein synthesis.

• Enzymes that break down proteins in the cell.

• Hormones that inhibit cell division.

• Molecules that cause cell death.

What are survival factors?

• Molecules that prevent apoptosis and support cell survival.

• Enzymes that trigger cell division.

• Hormones that induce cell differentiation.

• Proteins that cause cell death.

What is cell senescence?

• The stage when normal cells permanently stop dividing.

• The process by which cells divide uncontrollably.

• The phase when cells start to differentiate into other cell types.

• The condition where cells become cancerous.