Which layer of the enamel organ differentiates into ameloblasts during tooth development?

• Outer enamel epithelium

• Inner enamel epithelium

• Stellate reticulum

• Stratum intermedium

The epithelial root sheath of Hertwig (HERS) is responsible for:

• Initiating enamel formation only

• Shaping the root and inducing dentin and cementum formation

• Producing cementum directly

• Degenerating before root formation begins

What occurs if the epithelial root sheath of Hertwig remains adherent to the dentin surface?

• Formation of supernumerary roots

• Enamel pearl formation (enamel pearls)

• Concrescence of roots

• Dilaceration of the root

Which developmental disturbance results from the union of roots of two or more teeth only through cementum?

• Enamel pearl

• Concrescence

• Dilaceration

• Supernumerary roots

Supernumerary roots are caused by:

• Abnormal proliferation of dental papilla

• Excess cementum deposition

• Disturbance in the fusion of epithelial diaphragm projections or root sheath continuity errors

• Failure of enamel formation

The cervical loop is significant because it:

• Initiates enamel formation

• Continues to divide after crown formation and gives rise to the root components

• Degenerates during root formation

• Becomes the periodontal ligament

The primary role of HERS in root development is to:

• Form the enamel organ

• Induce odontoblast differentiation and shape the root

• Deposit cementum directly

• Form the periodontal ligament

The formation of intermediate cementum occurs when:

• The epithelial root sheath remains intact

• Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath breaks and deposits cementum on its outer surface

• Dentin formation is complete

• Enamel pearls develop

Which of the following structures degenerates during root formation, leaving epithelial rests of Mallassez?

• Outer enamel epithelium

• Inner enamel epithelium

• Epithelial root sheath of Hertwig (HERS)

• Stellate reticulum

What is the significance of the apical foramen during root development?

• It becomes the entrance for dental pulp nerves only

• It initially remains open until the entire root develops and then reduces in size due to secondary cementum and dentin deposition (secondary closure)

• It is the site where enamel forms

• It is formed after the entire root is completed