Causes and Consequences of Famines

What is a primary cause of famines throughout history?

• Natural disasters

• Lack of food production

• Man-made disasters

• Overpopulation

According to economist Amartya Sen, what is the main reason people starve during a famine?

• There isn't enough food available in the world

• They are unable to obtain the food that exists

• Natural disasters destroy all food supplies

• Governments intentionally withhold food

Which government policies were mentioned as contributing to famines that killed millions of people?

• Democratic elections and free markets

• Collectivization and the Great Leap Forward

• International trade agreements and tariffs

• Environmental protection laws and regulations

How did British colonial policies contribute to famines in India during the late 19th century?

• By encouraging food self-sufficiency

• By lowering taxes on farmers

• By forcing farmers to grow cash crops instead of food

• By investing heavily in local textile industries

What action did the British take against farmers in India who refused to pay taxes?

• They provided them with loans to pay the taxes.

• They confiscated their land.

• They offered them alternative employment.

• They reduced the tax rates for them.

How were the railroads in India primarily used during times of famine?

• To transport food to areas suffering from famine.

• To move raw materials to markets for export.

• To carry British military personnel.

• To facilitate passenger travel across the country.

What concept did Victorian British officials use to justify their policy of not helping starving people in India?

• The idea that population growth naturally outstrips food resources.

• The belief that famine was a punishment for disobedience.

• The principle of providing aid only to those who could work.

• The theory that government intervention would worsen the situation.

What was the daily calorie ration provided to starving Indians in British work camps, and what was its effect?

• Over 2000 calories, allowing them to recover quickly.

• Around 1600 calories, which was insufficient for heavy labor and led to high death rates.

• Enough calories to sustain light work, but not heavy labor.

• No specific calorie ration, as food was scarce.