Nguyên lí tài chính (TA)

Which institution is responsible for implementing monetary policy?

• The Government

• The Ministry of Finance

• The Central Bank (Bank State)

• The National Bank

Which of the following situations reflects asymmetric information?

• The government announces new tax rates

• Borrowers know more about their risk than lenders do

• All participants have equal information

• Investors access full market data

What is the main difference between primary and secondary financial markets?

• Only the primary market affects liquidity in the economy

• Primary market trades existing securities; secondary market issues new ones

• Both are managed directly by the central bank

• Primary market issues new securities; secondary market trades existing ones

What is the basic characteristic of credit?

• It only exists between governments and businesses

• It is a relationship based on the exchange of goods only

• It requires repayment immediately after borrowing

• It is a relationship based on trust and future repayment

What is counter-cyclical fiscal policy?

• Applying expansionary policy during a recession and contractionary policy during growth

• Applying expansionary policy during economic growth

• Maintaining the same policy regardless of the business cycle

• Applying contractionary policy during economic decline

What does the state budget system in Vietnam include?

• Only the provincial and district budgets

• Only the central government’s budget

• Only local government budgets

• Multiple levels of budgets corresponding to government administrative levels

Which of the following correctly describes a disadvantage of a monetary policy instrument according to the slides?

• Discount rate: highly flexible and suitable for short-term adjustments

• Reserve requirement: difficult to adjust small changes in money supply because of its strong impact on bank liquidity

• Open market operations: depend heavily on refinancing demand from commercial banks

• Credit limit: increases competition and improves investment efficiency

What is the main difference between trade credit and bank credit?

• Trade credit is given in goods or services, bank credit is given in money

• Trade credit is provided by banks, while bank credit is between businesses

• Trade credit is given in cash, bank credit is given in goods

• Both are provided by the central bank

When the state budget deficit occurs, which of the following is the most appropriate combination of measures the government can use to cover the deficit while minimizing inflationary pressure?

• Reduce taxes and increase subsidies to stimulate demand

• Increase public spending and print more money

• Borrow from the central bank and issue additional currency

• Issue government bonds domestically and abroad, and control expenditure growth

 Which of the following best describes the essence of finance?

• A system of distribution relationships through monetary funds

• The act of printing and issuing money

• The process of exchanging goods and services

• The creation of goods for consumption