What is a promising technology for quantum computing mentioned in the article?

• Superconducting electrical circuits

• Semiconductors

• Optical fibers

• Mechanical switches

What is the role of quantum effects in large electrical circuits according to the article?

• They enable the development of practical quantum technologies

• They slow down the flow of electricity

• They increase the temperature of circuits

• They make circuits more expensive

What is the significance of the Nobel Prize awarded in 2025 according to the article?

• It recognized research that enabled practical quantum technologies

• It was given for the discovery of a new planet

• It was awarded for advances in medicine

• It was given for developing new sports equipment

Who was the then-Ph.D. student involved in the 1984 and 1985 work on quantum circuits?

• John Martinis

• Michel Devoret

• John Clarke

• Albert Einstein

Which metals were used in the circuit that exhibited quantum behavior?

• Niobium and lead

• Gold and silver

• Copper and aluminum

• Iron and tin

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What happens to metals like niobium and lead when cooled to a few degrees above absolute zero?

• They become superconductors

• They melt

• They become insulators

• They evaporate

What do dilution refrigerators do in quantum experiments?

• Chill their contents to near-absolute zero

• Heat their contents to high temperatures

• Mix chemicals for reactions

• Store data for computers

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What are microwave amplifiers based on superconducting circuits used for?

• Communications, radar, and scientific instruments

• Cooking food

• Generating electricity

• Making music

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Which group demonstrated a near-ideal microwave amplifier?

• Devoret group

• Martinis group

• Clarke group

• Einstein group

How are superconducting circuits used in quantum physics research?

• To study fundamental quantum physics and simulate other physical systems

• To create jewelry

• To build bridges

• To store food