neuro

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system? 

• Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• Central Nervous System (CNS) and Enteric Nervous System (ENS)
• Cerebral Nervous System (CNS) and Spinal Nervous System (SNS)
• Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Answer explanation

Rationale: The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord; the PNS includes all nerves outside the CNS.

What is the main function of the CNS? 

• To control all body functions by processing and sending signals.
• To filter toxins from the blood.
• To digest food and absorb nutrients.
• To regulate breathing and heart rate.

Answer explanation

Rationale: It acts as the central command center. 

What is the primary role of the PNS? 

• To control voluntary muscle movements only.
• To carry information to and from the CNS.
• To regulate heart rate and blood pressure.
• To process sensory information exclusively.

Answer explanation

Rationale: The PNS serves as a communication relay between the body and brain. 

What does the afferent division of the nervous system do? 

• Regulates autonomic functions of the body.
• Processes information within the CNS.
• Sends sensory impulses to the CNS.
• Transmits motor impulses from the CNS.

Answer explanation

Rationale: “Afferent arrives” — it carries information from the body to the brain. 

Which division sends motor commands from the CNS to the body? 

• Somatic division.
• Efferent division.
• Central nervous system division.
• Afferent division.

Answer explanation

Rationale: “Efferent exits” — it causes an effect in muscles or organs. 

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system? 

• It regulates voluntary muscle movements.
• It controls involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.
• It controls the body's response to external stimuli.
• It processes sensory information for conscious awareness.

Answer explanation

Rationale: The ANS maintains essential life functions without conscious thought.

What happens when the sympathetic nervous system is activated? 

• Increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respirations; decreased digestion.
• Decreased heart rate and blood pressure; increased digestion.
• Increased digestion and decreased heart rate; stable blood pressure.
• No change in heart rate, blood pressure, or respiration; increased digestion.

Answer explanation

Rationale: “Fight or flight” prepares the body for stress. 

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system? 

• Inhibits digestion and promotes alertness.
• Increases heart rate and blood pressure.
• Promotes rest, digestion, and lowers heart rate.
• Stimulates fight or flight response.

Answer explanation

Rationale: “Rest and digest” maintains balance when the body is relaxed. 

Which nervous system should dominate in a healthy, relaxed state? 

• Enteric nervous system.
• Sympathetic nervous system.
• Central nervous system.
• Parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer explanation

Rationale: It supports long-term health and recovery. 

What is the correct order of a reflex arc? 

• Stimulus → Motor neuron → Sensory neuron → Muscle movement
• Sensory neuron → Stimulus → Muscle movement → Motor neuron
• Stimulus → Sensory neuron → Motor neuron → Muscle movement
• Muscle movement → Sensory neuron → Motor neuron → Stimulus

Answer explanation

Rationale: Reflexes are automatic and bypass the brain for faster response.